Search results for "ground"
showing 10 items of 2432 documents
Hydrochemical evolution and environmental features of Salso River catchment, central Sicily (Italy)
2000
A hydrogeochemical study of the Salso River highlighted the chemical and isotopic space-time evolution along its flow path and the main contamination processes. Within the basin, three different hydrogeochemical facies have been individuated: (1) Ca-Mg-HCO3, (2) Ca-Mg-SO4 and (3) Na-Cl. The first facies reflects the chemical composition of the groundwaters hosted in the carbonate reliefs that belong to the Madonie Mountains. The second and the third facies are the result of the interaction processes between surface waters and the gypsum and salty clays, respectively. Two pollution sources have been also located in the basin downstream from the salt mine and downstream from a discharge area …
Geophysical contribution to the reconstruction of the hydrological model of "Barcellona-Milazzo plain" groundwater body, northen Sicily
2019
The “Barcellona-Milazzo plain” groundwater body in the northen Sicily, was analysed in detail, through numerous geophysical measurements that were integrated with stratigraphic data in order to reconstruct the hydrological model. The “Barcellona-Milazzo plain” (BMP) groundwater body has been identified within the coastal sector between the village of Oliveri, to the west, and Capo Rasocolmo, to the east. It also includes several rivers that rise further south in correspondence with the Peloritani ridge and flow into the wide Barcellona-Milazzo alluvial plain. On the basis of several geophysical and geological data analysis and interpretation have been used to reconstruct the composition and…
The impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on groundwater quality in an active volcanic/geothermal system under semi-arid climatic conditions: T…
2017
Abstract A comprehensive hydrogeochemical study of the cold and thermal groundwaters of the presently quiescent volcanic system at Methana was undertaken that involved collecting 71 natural water samples. Methana is a peninsula in Peloponnesus, Greece whose arid climate and hydrological situation is similar to that of the nearby small islands of the Aegean Sea. Similarly, the chemical and isotopic compositions of its water are dominated by the mixing of seawater with meteoric water both through direct intrusion and meteoric recharge. However, the simple mixing trends at Methana are modified by water–rock interaction processes, enhanced by the dissolution of endogenous CO2, which lead to str…
One-Dimensional Transient Analysis of Rainfall Infiltration in Unsaturated Volcanic Ash
2015
The paper presents a one-dimensional hydro-mechanical analysis of rainfall infiltration in a loose volcanic ash and the utilisation of a factor of safety for the implementation of an early-warning system. Three different rainy seasons with different rainfall patterns were analysed . The analysis aims to understand the influence of the antecedent rainfall on the wetting front, the pore-water pressures and the factor of safety. The analysis was carried out in the context of a Master project of the first author at the Laboratory for Soil Mechanics of EPFL.
Stream‐Discharge Surges Generated by Groundwater Flow
2019
International audience
The regional park of the Nebrodi Mts. (Sicily): a contribution to an integrated groundwater management
1998
The Nebrodi Park, located in the north-eastern sector of Sicily, is of particular environmental and scientific interest. This is due to the morphological heterogeneity of the protected region that presents a wide variety of landscapes and ecosystems. In spite of the recent efforts of the Regional Government and Municipalities, environmental resources, especially groundwater, risk progressive depauperation and pollution. In this paper, the authors consider the hydrogeological karst unit of Monte Traura-Rocche del Crasto, the most productive in the Nebrodi belt (zone B of the regional park). This unit is underexploited and needs a careful hydrogeological study in order to supply coastal aquif…
Quantification of deep CO2 fluxes from Central Italy. Examples of carbon balance for regional aquifers and of soil diffuse degassing.
1999
Abstract In Central Italy non-volcanic CO 2 is discharged by focused degassing (strong diffuse emission and vents) and by high-CO 2 groundwater. 3 He / 4 He data and the carbon isotopic composition of CO 2 are compatible with derivation from mantle degassing and/or metamorphic decarbonation. The gases produced at depth accumulate in permeable reservoirs composed of Mesozoic carbonates. When total pressure (roughly corresponding to p CO 2 ) of the reservoir fluid exceeds hydrostatic pressure, a free gas phase forms gas reservoirs within the permeable host rocks from which gases may escape toward the surface. This process generates both the focused vents and the CO 2 -rich springs which chara…
Stable isotopes of water as a tool to study groundwater–seawater interactions in coastal south-eastern Sicily
2009
Summary Stable isotopes of hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ 18 O) in groundwater, submarine springs and seawater collected in coastal south-eastern Sicily were investigated. While the spatial distribution of δ 18 O in groundwater showed that most of the heavy-isotope-depleted samples (from −5.7‰ to −6.9‰) were located in the higher portion of the Hyblean Mountains, more positive values (from −3.4‰ to −5.6‰) were found in the marginal areas. The isotope composition of submarine springs was characterized by significant variability (δ 18 O between −5.6‰ and +1.0‰ and δD between −30‰ and +5.0‰) reflecting seasonal variations and different seawater contributions. The isotopic and chemical composition…
Evaluation of the environmental impact of volcanic emissions from the chemistry of rainwater: Mount Etna area (Sicily)
2001
Abstract The S, halogen and NO 3 contents of rainwater samples from the Etnean area were studied in order to define the environmental impact of plume emissions on the local environment. Samples, collected on a network of 11 bulk rain gauges, show significant variability in anion content, which can be ascribed to different meteorological and environmental conditions at each sampling site and to a variable distance from the different source areas. Data analysis suggests that S, F, Cl and Br are mainly magma-derived, whereas NO 3 mainly originates from anthropogenic sources. Samples collected from sites close to craters display considerable temporal variability, with increased anion concentrat…
Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting groundwater quality of an active volcano (Mt. Etna, Italy)
2003
Abstract New geochemical data on dissolved major and minor constituents in 276 groundwater samples from Etna aquifers reveal the main processes responsible for their geochemical evolution and mineralisation. This topic is of particular interest in the light of the progressive depletion of water resources and groundwater quality in the area. Multivariate statistical analysis reveal 3 sources of solutes: (a) the leaching of the host basalt, driven by the dissolution of magma-derived CO2; (b) mixing processes with saline brines rising from the sedimentary basement below Etna; (c) contamination from agricultural and urban wastewaters. The last process, highlighted by increased concentrations of…