Search results for "herb"
showing 10 items of 856 documents
Subjects editors. Weed Research
2014
PROD 2014-162 SPE GESTAD GEAPSI CT ? INRA
Papaver rhoeas plants with multiple resistance to synthetic auxins and ALS inhibitors
2014
The pattern of resistance to synthetic auxins and ALS inhibitors was investigated in a population of corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas), originating from central Greece. In June 2013 seed capsules and leaf fragments were collected from ten P. rhoeas plants that survived 2,4-D application in a wheat field with an history of ALS-inhibiting herbicide application. The material was collected separately for each plant. DNA from the collected leaf fragments of each plant was subjected to ALS genotyping at codons 197 and 574 using dCAPS assays. The collected seeds were treated with gibberellic acid to break dormancy and each progeny was planted separately in plastic modular trays containing potting soil. …
A transcriptomics-based approach enables the first identification of candidate genes involved in non-target-site-based resistance to herbicides in a …
2013
International audience; Herbicides are the most effective way to control weeds. Yet, the evolution of resistance in many weed species is a considerable threat to herbicide efficacy. Non-target-site-based resistance (NTSR) is the most threatening facet of herbicide resistance. NTSR is widespread, involves a variety of mechanisms, and can confer unpredictable resistance to herbicides, regardless of the herbicide mode of action. Because NTSR is endowed by differences in the expression of a number of genes in resistant and sensitive weed plants, few genes governing NTSR are currently known. This renders NTSR diagnosis and management tricky. The rise of next-generation sequencing technologies no…
Résistances aux herbicides : les estivales en force !
2015
Contexte - Des cas de moindre efficacité de désherbage à base d’herbicides inhibiteurs de l’ALS ont été signalés en cultures de printemps. Des tests ont été réalisés pour savoir s’il s’agit de résistances et, si oui, dues à quel mécanisme. PSD sur maïs - Cinq populations de graminées estivales (deux de panic pied-de-coq, une de sétaire verte, deux de digitaire sanguine) ont été prélevées dans des parcelles de maïs où le désherbage n’avait pas donné satisfaction. Des plantes résistantes ont été identifiées dans toutes ces populations. Le mécanisme a été identifié. Il s’agit dans tous les cas de RNLC, résistance non liée à la cible. Ambroisie - Une dizaine de populations d’ambroisie à feuille…
Chapitre 10: Le désherbage de précision
2018
International audience; Trop longtemps dépendante des seuls herbicides, l'agriculture doit évoluer vers une gestion des plantes adventices, ou " mauvaises herbes ", s'appuyant sur un ensemble de pratiques culturales et de régulations écologiques, avec l'objectif de limiter l'abondance des adventices, de garantir le revenu des agriculteurs, tout en préservant la biodiversité et la qualité de l'environnement. Cet ouvrage explore les moyens et stratégies de gestion durable des communautés adventices faisant appel aux principes de la protection intégrée et à une démarche " agroécologique ".
Maize-based low-input cropping systems can provide effective weed control while ensuring crop productivity
2016
Conventional Maize Monoculture (MMConv) is now questioned for environmental reasons. During a five-year field experiment, yield and weed pressure of MMConv was compared to three low-input Cropping Systems (CS) : MMLI, a Low-Input Maize Monoculture; MMCT, a Conservation Tillage Maize Monoculture; Maize-MSW, Maize rotated with Soyabean and Wheat, all designed to reduce water pollution. In 2014 and 2015, weed-free zones were established on all CS. Weed biomass was higher in MMCT, especially for spring grasses and perennials. MMConv (11.3±1.1 T ha-1) and MMLI (10.6±2.3 T ha-1) had higher grain yields than MMCT (8.2±1.9 T ha-1). Finally, concerning yields observed in weed-free zones, MMCT yields…
La ligne de tramway, une expérience scientifique. Conférence donnée dans le Tram de Dijon dans le cadre de "La nuit des chercheurs" et des 70 ans de …
2016
SPEIPMUMRUB; Dans une rame du tram, Daniel Wipf, Professeur en Agroécologie, racontera aux voyageurs qu’ils passent sur « une expérience scientifique ». En effet, les chercheurs de l’INRA font actuellement des expérimentations en vue d’améliorer l’enherbement de la ligne sans avoir recours à des pesticides.
Conséquences de l’utilisation de variétés de tournesol tolérantes aux herbicides sur la flore des agrosystèmes
2022
The farming practices associated with the use of sunflower herbicide-tolerant varieties (HTVs) have raised concerns among public authorities, who have recommended monitoring the potential effects of HTVs on biodiversity. In this context, at the scale of three French departments, the vegetation of 239 sunflower fields and their margins was studied between 2017 and 2019. This lower weed diversity can be attributed to shorter crop rotations and higher herbicide use. Admittedly, the higher densities of A. artemisiifolia observed in plots with HTVs are the cause of the use of these varieties rather than the consequence of these practices. However, these practices do not seem to solve the problem…
ENGAGED: System design of direct seedings under permanent cover crop without glyphosate
2022
Direct seeding under permanent cover crop (SDCV) corresponds to sow a crop in a multiyear vegetal cover crop(often clover) without soil perturbation. It is an emblematic technique of Conservation Agriculture whose agronomicand environmental interests are multiple because of the special attention paid to soils. However, the issue of weedcontrol and permanent cover crop control is central to SDCV culture systems. The use of non-selective herbicide suchas glyphosate is the most common technical lever for weed and cover crop management. Glyphosate is in the hotseat since the President of France announced its banning from 2023. It becomes necessary to find alternatives for thesustainability of t…
Résistance aux inhibiteurs de l’ALS chez le séneçon commun (Senecio vulgaris) : la situation en vigne et en grandes cultures
2016
Resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) : situation in franch vineyards and major field crops. Common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) is a ubiquitous weed that is highly mobile and which seeds can germinate almost all year long. It also is the only weed species today in France that is officially acknowledged to have evolved a resistance to one same herbicide mode of action both in vineyards and major field crops. The purpose of this paper is to provide a picture of a few major aspects of this resistance: underlying mechanisms, detection, seed viability, spread and geographical extent of the resistance.