Search results for "heritability"
showing 10 items of 141 documents
“The Linosa Study”: Epidemiological and heritability data of the metabolic syndrome in a Caucasian genetic isolate
2009
Abstract Background and aims Growing evidence suggests that the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has both a genetic and environmental basis. To evaluate the possibility of a further genetic analysis, we estimated prevalence rates and heritabilities for the MetS and its individual traits in the adult population of Linosa, a small and isolated Italian Island in the southern-central part of the Mediterranean Sea. Methods and results The Linosa Study (LiS) group consisted of 293 Caucasian native subjects from 51 families (123 parents; 170 offsprings). The MetS was defined according to NCEP/ATP III criteria and the following prevalence rates were calculated: hyperglycaemia 20.3%; central obesity 34.9%;…
The genetic regulation of avian migration timing: combining candidate genes and quantitative genetic approaches in a long-distance migrant
2021
Abstract Plant and animal populations can adapt to prolonged environmental changes if they have sufficient genetic variation in important phenological traits. The genetic regulation of annual cycles can be studied either via candidate genes or through the decomposition of phenotypic variance by quantitative genetics. Here, we combined both approaches to study the timing of migration in a long-distance migrant, the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis). We found that none of the four studied candidate genes (CLOCK, NPAS2, ADCYAP1 and CREB1) had any consistent effect on the timing of six annual cycle stages of geolocator-tracked individuals. This negative result was confirmed by direct ob…
Longitudinal changes in genetic and environmental influences on older women's walking ability
2009
This study examined the stability and change over time in genetic and environmental influences on walking ability among older women. Maximal walking speed over 10 m and 6-min walking endurance test were measured under standard conditions at baseline and 3 years later. At both times, 63 monozygotic (MZ) and 67 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were measured for walking speed and 58 MZ and 56 DZ pairs for walking endurance. Participants were twin sisters reared together and aged 63-75 years at baseline. Genetic and environmental influences were examined using longitudinal genetic modelling. The results showed that walking speed was preserved from baseline to follow-up. Genetic influences on walking s…
GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION IN ANTIBODY AND T-CELL MEDIATED RESPONSES IN THE GREAT TIT
2006
Host parasite coevolution assumes pathogen specific genetic variation in host immune defense. Also, if immune function plays a role in the evolution of life history, allocation to immune function should be heritable. We conducted a cross-fostering experiment to test the relative importance of genetic and environmental sources of variation in T-cell mediated inflammatory response and antigen specific antibody responses in the great tits Parus major. Cell mediated response was measured during the nestling period and antibody response against two novel antigens was measured in two-month-old juveniles raised in a laboratory. We found no effect of nest of origin, but a strong effect of rearing e…
Quantitative genetic analysis of Cry1Ab tolerance in Ostrinia nubilalis Spanish populations
2013
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Evidence for shared environmental contributions to attention-deficit/hyperactivity traits. A twin study
2019
Background and objectives: Behavior-genetic analyses have shown that measurements of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are genetically-influenced. In view of limited studies on ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) in Spanish samples, this study aims to explore the genetic architecture of ADHD symptoms; inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity in a Spanish twin schoolchildren sample. Methods: Participants were 258 pairs of adolescent Spanish twins. Symptoms of ADHD, inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were assessed by means of a sub-scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Univariate twin models, according to sex, were run to assess the heritability of…
Estimation Of The Genetic Parameters Of Eight Soybean Varieties In The Wasegi Village At Prafi District Manokwari Regency
2020
This study aims to estimate genetic parameters including genetic diversity coefficient, phenotypic diversity coefficient, heritability value, and the correlation between the character of plants from eight soybean varieties. The research was conducted from August to December 2017, in the Wasafi Village of Prafi District, Manokwari Regency. The study was designed using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 8 treatments of soybean varieties. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, to obtain 32 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and if it had a significant effect, it was further tested using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 95% level, through the Costat progra…
Low frequency and rare coding variation contributes to multiple sclerosis risk
2018
AbstractMultiple sclerosis is a common, complex neurological disease, where almost 20% of risk heritability can be attributed to common genetic variants, including >230 identified by genome-wide association studies (Patsopoulos et al., 2017). Multiple strands of evidence suggest that the majority of the remaining heritability is also due to the additive effects of individual variants, rather than epistatic interactions between these variants, or mutations exclusive to individual families. Here, we show in 68,379 cases and controls that as much as 5% of this heritability is explained by low-frequency variation in gene coding sequence. We identify four novel genes driving MS risk independe…
Heritability of Spherical Equivalent
2010
Purpose To examine the heritability of spherical equivalent (SE) in older women. Design Population-based twin study. Participants Ninety monozygotic (MZ) and 86 dizygotic (DZ) female twin pairs aged 63 to 76 years who were born from 1924 through 1937. Methods Ocular refraction was measured using an autorefractor and controlled by the subjective method. The contributions of genetic and environmental factors to individual differences in SE were estimated by applying an independent pathway model to twin data. Main Outcome Measures Contribution of genetic and environmental effects to the variation in SE. Results Mean SE of the study population was 1.68 (standard deviation, ±1.82) with no differ…
Genetic Heterogeneity and Phenotype Variation of Schizophrenia
1995
It is well proven that the manifestation of schizophrenia is under genetic control (Kendler and Diehl 1993). It is however less clear: 1. How relevant environmental factors are, and how they operate and interact with genetic factors. 2. If the genetic susceptibility is identical across the total population of schizophrenics (or at least across all subjects with familial schizophrenia), or if the specific genetic components vary across families. 3. What is transmitted in families of schizophrenics and how co-familial traits are related to genetic and genetic risk factors; are only disorders and symptoms that belong to the schizophrenic sepctrum transmitted or are neurophysiological, neuropsy…