Search results for "hiihtäjät"

Performance‐determining factors in biathlon prone shooting without physical stress

2021

This study investigated the most important factors determining biathlon prone shooting performance. 10 female and 16 male biathletes (age 19.9 ± 2.9 years) from the national teams of Finland and Vuokatti-Ruka Sports Academy performed 65 biathlon prone shooting shots without physical stress under laboratory conditions. Shooting performance and multiple aiming point trajectory variables were measured together with an analysis of triggering force. Based on the aiming point trajectory data principal component analysis, we identified four technical components in biathlon prone shooting: stability of hold, aiming accuracy, cleanness of triggering and timing of triggering. Multiple regression anal…

Funktio-EMG-arvojen yhteys alaselkäongelmiin maastohiihtäjillä

2005

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Elite Cross-Country Skiers After a Competition Season : A Case-Control Study

2022

Abstract Purpose Whether elite athletes, who have been exposed to vigorous-intensity exercise combined with other stressors, have elevated systemic low-grade inflammation, remains largely unclear. To address this question, we studied the levels of six inflammatory cytokines as potential biomarkers of a low-grade inflammatory state in elite athletes after an 11-month training and competition season. Methods We collected sera from 27 Finnish elite cross-country skiers and 27 gender- and age-matched, moderately-exercising controls. The serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), interleukin 10 (IL-10…

Nutrition Knowledge Is Associated with Energy Availability and Carbohydrate Intake in Young Female Cross-Country Skiers

2021

The aim of this study was to provide information on energy availability (EA), macronutrient intake, nutritional periodization practices, and nutrition knowledge in young female cross-country skiers. A total of 19 skiers filled in weighted food and training logs before and during a training camp. Nutrition knowledge was assessed via a validated questionnaire. EA was optimal in 11% of athletes at home (mean 33.7 ± 9.6 kcal·kgFFM−1·d−1) and in 42% at camp (mean 40.3 ± 17.3 kcal·kgFFM−1·d−1). Most athletes (74%) failed to meet recommendations for carbohydrate intake at home (mean 5.0 ± 1.2 g·kg−1·d−1) and 63% failed to do so at camp (mean 7.1 ± 1.6 g·kg−1·d−1). The lower threshold of the pre-ex…

Assessment of ventilatory thresholds from heart rate variability in five incremental treadmill tests in cross country skiers

2014

Incremental treadmill tests are widely used in the field of exercise physiology for the assessment of Ventilatory Thresholds for clinical and sport oriented issues. The assessment of Ventilatory Thresholds (VTs) from Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a relatively new approach with increasing popularity because it is a non-invasive and economical method. Nevertheless, this has not been used in Cross Country (XC) Skiing, an endurance sport where the knowledge of VTs holds special importance. The purpose of the study was to assess VTs using the data derived from HRV analysis in the five main XC skiing-related techniques, Double Poling (DP), Diagonal Striding (DS), Nordic Walking (NW), V1 Skating…

Cross-country skiers often experience respiratory symptoms during and after exercise but have a low prevalence of prolonged cough

2023

Background Cross-country skiers train and compete during the winter for long periods of time in subfreezing conditions, which strains the airways and provokes respiratory symptoms. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of exercise-related symptoms and prolonged cough in competitive cross-country skiers versus the general population and to investigate the association between these symptoms and asthma. Methods A questionnaire was sent to Finnish cross-country skiers (n=1282) and a random sample of the general population (n=1754), with response rates of 26.9% and 19.0%, respectively. Results Both groups were mostly asymptomatic at rest, but symptoms were increased in both groups during an…

Contribution and effectiveness of ski and pole forces in selected roller skiing techniques on treadmill at moderate inclines

2023

BackgroundMost of the studies about the effects of incline on cross-country skiing are related to the metabolic efficiency. The effective skiing biomechanics has also been indicated to be among the key factors that may promote good performance. The aims of this study were to provide biomechanical characteristics and investigate the relative contribution and effectiveness of ski and pole forces in overcoming the total external resistance with double poling (DP) and Gear 3 (G3) techniques at varying moderate uphill inclines.Methods10 male cross-country skiers participated in this study. Custom-made force measurement bindings, pole force sensors, and an 8-camera Vicon system were used to colle…

Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolome in Elite Cross-Country Skiers : A Controlled Study

2022

Exercise has been shown to affect gut the microbiome and metabolic health, with athletes typically displaying a higher microbial diversity. However, research on the gut microbiota and systemic metabolism in elite athletes remains scarce. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota profiles and serum metabolome of national team cross-country skiers at the end of an exhausting training and competitive season to those of normally physically-active controls. The gut microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Serum metabolites were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance. Phylogenetic diversity and the abundance of several mucin-degrading gut microbial taxa, including Akker…

Long-term effects of physical training on cardiac function and structure in adolescent cross-country skiers : a 6.5-year longitudinal echocardiograph…

2004

Margareetta Tummavuoren 6,5 vuoden seurantatutkimus antoi tietoa harjoittelun vaikutuksista nuorten kestävyysurheilijoiden sydämen rakenteeseen ja toimintaan. Hän selvitti myös maksimaalista toimintakykyä kuvaavan maksimaalisen hapenottokyvyn kehittymistä kestävyysharjoittelun vaikutuksesta. The purpose of this 6.5-year follow-up study was to investigate the impact of training on the structure and function of the heart of young endurance athletes with the help of echocardiographic variables and maximal oxygen uptake (O2max), which indicates the capacity of maximal cardiovascular function. This study also sought to determine at which age the structural and functional changes in the heart too…

Immune system adaptations during competition period in female cross-country skiers

2011

Stenholm, Johanna. Immune system adaptations during competition period in female cross-country skiers. Master’s Thesis in Exercise Physiology, Department of Biology of Physical Activity. University of Jyväskylä. 95pp. Purpose. This study was undertaken to characterize the extent of immune and endocrine changes in competition period and related to two competition weekends in well trained athletes in different parts of the competition period. An additional purpose was to evaluate if the changes in immunological variables would have an effect on the incidence of upper-respiratory-tract infections. The effect of the nutrition, nutrient and training status was also studied. Methods. Ten (10) nat…