Search results for "hip"
showing 10 items of 9327 documents
Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in cultured endothelial cells – a comparison of primary endothelial cells with an immortalized endothelial cell li…
2012
Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and oxidative stress plays an important role in this process. Therefore, we investigated the effects of hyperglycemia on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide/cGMP signaling in two different endothelial cell cultures. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and EA.hy 926 cells showed increased oxidative stress and impaired NO-cGMP signaling in response to hyperglycemia. The major difference between the two different cell types was the dramatic decrease in viability in HUVEC whereas EA.hy cells showed rather increased growth under hyperglycemic conditions. Starvation led to…
Chelation of synaptic zinc induces overexcitation in the hilar mossy cells of the rat hippocampus.
2004
Complete removal of synaptic zinc by the chelator dietyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC; 500 mg/kg i.p.) in rat was followed by convulsive behaviour including wet dog shakes alternating immobility. Histological analysis 1 day after DEDTC administration detected expression of heat shock protein in the hippocampus restricted to hilar cells. These cells colocalize the marker for neurons and the glutamate receptor GluR2/3 showing that they are excitatory neurons. Additionally, they projected to the contralateral dentate gyrus. Therefore, they correspond to hilar mossy cells. These data show that the synaptic zinc has a role in normal hippocampus avoiding overexcitation, that would impair functionality e…
Immunohistochemical analysis of KCNQ3 potassium channels in mouse brain.
2005
KCNQ-type potassium channels generate the so-called M-current regulating excitability in many neurons. Mutations in KCNQ2/KCNQ3 channels can cause benign familial neonatal convulsions (BFNC). We describe the immunohistochemical staining of adult and developing mouse brain using an antibody directed against the N-terminus of KCNQ3 channels (KCNQ3N). A widespread KCNQ3N immunoreactivity predominantly of neuropil but also of somata was detected in different regions of the adult mouse brain, in particular in the hippocampus, cortex, thalamus and cerebellum. This staining pattern appeared gradually and became more intense during development. In the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, the im…
Intermittent ethanol exposure induces inflammatory brain damage and causes long-term behavioural alterations in adolescent rats
2007
Adolescent brain development seems to be important for the maturation of brain structures and behaviour. Intermittent binge ethanol drinking is common among adolescents, and this type of drinking can induce brain damage. Because we have demonstrated that chronic ethanol treatment induces inflammatory processes in the brain, we investigate whether intermittent ethanol intoxication enhances cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in adolescent rats, and whether these mediators induce brain damage and cause permanent cognitive dysfunctions. Adolescent rats were exposed to ethanol (3.0 g/kg) for two consecutive days at 48-h intervals over 14 days. Levels of COX-2, iN…
Neumoencefalo a tensión tras herida en cuero cabelludo en portadora de válvula de derivación ventrículo-peritoneal: caso clínico y revisión de la lit…
2009
El neumoencéfalo se produce la mayoría de las veces por una solución de continuidad en el cráneo e incluso en las meninges. En ocasiones, ciertos factores pueden hacer que éste adopte las características de un neumoencéfalo a tensión provocando una clínica neurológica severa. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 66 años portadora de una doble válvula de derivación ventrículo-peritoneal que acude a Urgencias con un cuadro de hipertensión intracraneal y que tras la exploración física y la tomografía computarizada se detecta una herida en cuero cabelludo y un neumoencéfalo a tensión. Este defecto en piel se hallaba justo en la zona del borde de una plastia craneal colocada tras la resección …
Repeated restraint stress suppresses neurogenesis and induces biphasic PSA-NCAM expression in the adult rat dentate gyrus
2003
Chronic restraint stress has been shown to induce structural remodelling throughout the interconnected dentate gyrus-CA3 fields. To find out how this stressor affects the rate of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, we subjected rats to acute or chronic restraint stress and assessed the proliferation, survival and differentiation of newly born cells in the dentate gyrus. We also examined polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule expression, a molecule normally expressed in immature neurons and important for morphological plasticity. The results show that acute restraint stress did not change either the proliferation of dentate gyrus precursor cells or the expression of polysialylated neural c…
NF-ĸB as node for signal amplification during weaning.
2011
Post-lactational involution has been reported to share common features with breast tumor development. A deep characterization of the signaling triggered after weaning would help to unveil the complex relationship between involution and breast cancer. NF-κB, a crucial factor in the involuting gland, might be an important regulatory node for signal amplification after weaning; however there is limited information about the identity of NF-κB-target genes and the molecular mechanisms leading to the selection of genes involved in a particular biological process. We identified 4532 target genes in mammary gland at 48h weaning, by genome-wide analysis of regions bound by RelA(p65)-NF-κB in vivo. I…
Thrombin Generation in Chronic Liver Diseases—A Pilot Study
2021
The knowledge about coagulation disorders in patients with chronic liver disease changed in the last decade. The aim of this study was to analyze the parameters of thrombin generation in patients with chronic liver disease, as they are the most appropriate biomarkers to explore coagulation. (1) Background: The knowledge about coagulation disorders in patients with chronic liver disease changed in the last decade. The study of thrombin generation in patients with chronic liver disease provides a much more accurate assessment of the coagulation cascade
Effects of Chronic Social Defeat Stress on Behavior and Dopamine Receptors in Adolescent Mice With 6-Hydroxydopamine Lesions of the Medial Prefrontal…
2021
Background: Social stress factors in schizophrenia have long-term effects, but will only induce symptoms in a portion of individuals, even if exposed to identical stress.Methods: In the current experiment, we examined mice with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) injury to select for members of a “stress-susceptible group,” and observed the changes in their behavior and the expression of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the amygdala and hippocampus.Results: We observed that after chronic social defeat stress, 72.6% of the 6-OHDA lesioned mice exhibited stress response to aggressors, compared to 52.3% of the blank control group. Both the 6-OHDA lesion + social…
Rhein stimulates active chloride secretion in the short-circuited rat colonic mucosa.
1988
In a short-circuited mucosa-submucosa preparation of the rat descending colon with preserved Meissner's plexus mounted as an everted sac rhein transiently increased the potential difference and short-circuit current (Isc) when administered serosally and mucosally, but serosal application was more effective. Maximal effects were obtained at rhein concentrations of 1.6 X 10(-4) and 3 X 10(-4) mol/l. Net chloride absorption was decreased. Indomethacin (5 X 10(-6) mol/l) did not inhibit the increase of Isc, but omission of calcium from the serosal side as well as tetrodoxin (2 X 10(-7) mol/l) decreased it by 50 and 60%. Mechanical removal of Meissner's plexus partly blocked the effect of rhein,…