Search results for "holism"
showing 10 items of 243 documents
Toll-like receptors in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and alcohol-induced brain damage
2021
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or pattern recognition receptors respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or internal damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). TLRs are integral membrane proteins with both extracellular leucine-rich and cytoplasmic domains that initiate downstream signaling through kinases by activating transcription factors like AP-1 and NF-κB, which lead to the release of various inflammatory cytokines and immune modulators. In the central nervous system, different TLRs are expressed mainly in microglia and astroglial cells, although some TLRs are also expressed in oligodendroglia and neurons. Activation of TLRs triggers signaling cascades by the host as a…
Genetic Variation in HSD17B13 Reduces the Risk of Developing Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Alcohol Misusers.
2020
Background and aims Carriage of rs738409:G in patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) is associated with an increased risk for developing alcohol-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, rs72613567:TA in hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) was shown to be associated with a reduced risk for developing alcohol-related liver disease and to attenuate the risk associated with carriage of PNPLA3 rs738409:G. This study explores the risk associations between these two genetic variants and the development of alcohol-related cirrhosis and HCC. Approach and results Variants in HSD17B13 and PNPLA3 were genotyped in 6,171 participants, including 1,03…
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome complicated by subacute beriberi neuropathy in an alcoholic patient.
2017
Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency is a common condition in alcohol abusers, which can lead to damage of both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. Here we describe the case of an alcoholic patient who presented with acute onset of ataxia, severe weakness of the four limbs, and hypoesthesia and dysesthesia of the distal portion of the upper and lower extremities. The clinical picture also included mental confusion and amnesia. A diagnosis of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome was made based on clinical symptoms and brain RMI findings. Electromyography and electroneurography revealed signs of subacute axonal sensory-motor polyneuropathy that were compatible with a rare acute presentation of…
The Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on the Rat Mesocorticolimbic Pathway: Role of mGluR5 Receptors and Interaction with Ethanol
2021
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a prodrug that is marketed as a mucolytic agent and used for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Over the last few decades, evidence has been gathered that suggests the potential use of NAC as a new pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD), although its mechanism of action is already being debated. In this paper, we set out to assess both the potential involvement of the glutamate metabotropic receptors (mGluR) in the possible dual effect of NAC administered at two different doses and NAC’s effect on ethanol-induced activation. To this aim, 30 or 120 mg/kg of NAC was intraperitoneally administered to rats with the presence or absence of the negative allo…
Unveiling Sex-Based Differences in the Effects of Alcohol Abuse: A Comprehensive Functional Meta-Analysis of Transcriptomic Studies
2020
AbstractThe abuse of alcohol, one of the most popular psychoactive substances, can cause several pathological and psychological consequences, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). An impaired ability to stop or control alcohol intake despite adverse health or social consequences characterize AUD. While AUDs predominantly occur in men, growing evidence suggests the existence of distinct cognitive and biological consequences of alcohol dependence in women. The molecular and physiological mechanisms participating in these differential effects remain unknown. Transcriptomic technology permits the detection of the biological mechanisms responsible for such sex-based differences, which supports t…
Pain-induced alterations in the dynorphinergic system within the mesocorticolimbic pathway: Implication for alcohol addiction.
2020
Latest studies have revealed that pain negatively impacts on reward processing and motivation leading to negative affective states and stress. These states not only reduce quality of life of patients by increasing the appearance of psychiatric comorbidities, but also have an important impact on vulnerability to drug abuse, including alcohol. In fact, clinical, epidemiological but also preclinical studies have revealed that the presence of pain is closely related to alcohol use disorders (AUDs). All this evidence suggests that pain is a factor that increases the risk of suffering AUD, predicting heavy drinking behavior and relapse drinking in those patients with a previous history of AUD. Th…
Irtolaisen elämänkulku : Ilmajoen työlaitoksen naiset 1962-1972
2015
Tutkimus käsittelee naisirtolaisten elämää sotienjälkeisessä Suomessa. Vuonna 1937 voimaan astuneessa laissa irtolaisuus määriteltiin tuomittavaksi elämäntavaksi ja sen nojalla yhteiskunnan kannalta vaikeat ongelmatapaukset voitiin määrätä työlaitokseen. Irtolaisnaiset tuomittiin työn vieroksunnan, juopottelun ja haureuden harjoittamisen perusteella. Työlaitos oli ankarin irtolaisuudesta määrätty rangaistus, johon turvauduttiin vasta sitten, kun lievemmät huoltotoimet osoittautuivat tehottomiksi. Tutkimuksessa käsitellään irtolaisuuden muodostumista Ilmajoen työlaitoksessa vuosien 1962-1972 välillä hoidettujen naisten elämäntarinoiden kautta. Tutkimuskohteena ei ole ainoastaan irtolaisuus v…
Secuestro del acetaldehído en la prevención de las recaídas en el alcoholismo : estudios de eficacia preclínica con D-Penicilamina
2013
La Organización Mundial de la Salud sitúa al alcoholismo como una de las patologías más importantes, siendo responsable directa o indirectamente de los elevados costes de la Sanidad en los países industrializados. Su tratamiento a día de hoy es claramente insatisfactorio. En él, la actuación psicoterapéutica a través de diferentes estrategias es complementada, en muchos casos, con una intervención farmacoterapéutica basada en el empleo de unos pocos fármacos que intentan solventar el mayor problema a nivel clínico: las recaídas durante los períodos de abstinencia. Aunque en los últimos años los tratamientos farmacológicos utilizables para la prevención de las recaídas han experimentado un a…
Intervención educativa comunitaria sobre alcoholismo y castigo corporal
2010
Durante los meses de enero a julio se realizó un ensayo de intervención comunitaria en dos consultorios de médicos de Médico de Familia del Policlínico Ramiro Betancourt de Dos Ríos. Palma Soriano, con el objetivo de estudiar todos los pacientes dispensarizados como alcoholdependientes cuya cifra fue de 60, a los cuales se les aplicó encuesta anónima e individual antes y después de la intervención. Las técnicas empleadas fueron la técnica educativa y la entrevista en profundidad, con secuencia semanal y duración de una hora; los métodos estadísticos fueron: Prueba de Hipótesis de diferencias de medias, así como la de McNemer para muestras independientes. Las características principales fuer…
Perfil neuropsicológico de alcohólicos con alta densidad familiar de alcoholismo tras abstinencia prolongada: hallazgos preliminares
2002
INTRODUCCIÓN: Los estudios que han analizado el funcionamiento cognitivo de sujetos alcohólicos en función de la historia familiar de alcoholismo (11F+) han obteni¬do resultados poco consistentes, debido quizá a que el efecto de este factor puede verse oscurecido por la neurotoxicidad del alcohol. Esto puede evitarse comparando a los sujetos una vez que han abandonado el consumo de la sustancia. OBJETIVO: Determinar el perfil neuropsicológico de alcohólicos HF+ con más de tres años de abstinencia, con el fin de valorar la existencia y, en su caso, naturaleza de la afectación neuropsicológica. MATERIALY MÉTODOS: La muestra está formada por un grupo de sujetos alcohólicos abstinentes con al m…