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The Homeostasis of Brain Choline
1993
The interest in the homeostasis of brain choline is reinforced by the role of choline as immediate precursor of acetylcholine, phosphatidylcholine and other phospholipids in the brain. In order to obtain a comprehensive view of the mochanisms of homeostasis it appeared necessary to elucidate the negative arteriovenous difference of choline across the brain (net release), a phenomenon that has been known for 20 years and is present in mammals and in man. This finding prompted an intense search for a de novo synthesis of choline in the brain. We detected in anaesthetized rats a reversal of the net release into a net uptake (positive arterio-venous difference), when the plasma level of choline…
Foster Care: A Fragile Reality Needing Social Attention, and Economic Investments.
2016
The combination of psychosocial, medical, and educational care usually leads to immediate and long-term extra cost, which may pay out only decades later. This social and economic investment may be regarded by economists as being hardly affordable, especially during recession periods. However, we strongly believe that there are alternatives allowing adequate care even in times of economic turmoil. The aim of this report is to raise the awareness of the pediatric community and the public opinion toward the importance of investing in health programs offering adequate protection, prevention, and provision of care for orphan, abandoned, maltreated, and neglected children.
Complementary and alternative treatment methods in children with cancer. A population based retrospective survey on the prevalence of use in Germany
2008
Introduction Few studies have been conducted to date on the prevalence of use of complementary and alternative treatment methods (CAM) in paediatric oncology and those that have been conducted are often not representative. We therefore decided to study a representative sample of children with cancer in the German population. Patients and methods The study took the form of a retrospective survey amongst all parents whose children were first diagnosed with a disease covered by the German Childhood Cancer Registry in 2001. The primary objectives of the survey were to establish the prevalence of use of CAM and the factors related to its use. Results Of the 1595 questionnaires sent out, 1063 (67…
Glucose Metabolism in Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency
2018
Background: The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis has a fundamental impact on glucose metabolism. Therefore, both untreated GH deficiency (GHD) and GH treatment (GHT) may be associated with some metabolic alterations, although the abnormalities of glucose metabolism have been investigated by relatively few studies as main outcomes. Aim: The present review summarizes the available data on glucose metabolism in children with GHD, providing an overview of the current state of the art in order better to clarify the real metabolic impact of GHD and GHT. Methods: Among all the existing studies, we evaluated all original studies that fulfilled our criteria for analysis …
Reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection cleared by direct-acting antiviral therapy: A prospective s…
2020
Aim HCV infection increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it remains still unclear whether HCV clearance by direct-acting antivirals (DAA) reduces T2DM. Therefore, the effect of HCV eradication on T2DM incidence was assessed. Methods A prospective multicenter case-control study was performed, which included 2,426 HCV patients, 42% of which with liver fibrosis F0-F2 and 58% F3-F4. Study population consisted of a control group including 1099 untreated patients and 1327 cases treated with DAA. T2DM incidence was assessed during a follow-up median period of 30 [IQR: 28-42] months. Risk factors of T2DM were assessed by Cox regression model (Relative risk (RR), Hazard risk…
A New Score Unveils a High Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
2021
Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may show mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The neurological functions affected remain unclear. The aims were to: (1) Characterize the neuropsychological alterations in NAFLD patients; (2) assess the prevalence of impairment of neurological functions evaluated; (3) develop a new score for sensitive and rapid MCI detection in NAFLD; (4) assess differences in MCI features between patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); and (5) compare neuropsychological alterations in NAFLD patients with cirrhotic patients with MCI. Fifty-nine NAFLD patients and 53 controls performed psychometric tests assessin…
Psychiatric and behavioural symptoms and the use of psychotropic medication in Special Care Units and Regular Units in Norwegian nursing homes
2008
Background: In a number of countries Special Care Units (SCUs) have been established to meet the particular needs of patients with dementia. The criteria for SCUs are poorly defined and often not met. Aim: To assess the frequency distributions of dementia, psychiatric and behavioural symptoms and the use of psychotropic medication in SCUs and Regular Units (RUs) across different regions. Methods and material: By means of a structured interview, comprising the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and Lawton’s Physical Self-maintenance scale, a representative sample of 1163 nonselected nursing home patients was assessed. In addition, information was collected from…
Consensus for tinnitus patient assessment and treatment outcome measurement
2007
There is widespread recognition that consistency between research centres in the ways that patients with tinnitus are assessed and outcomes following interventions are measured would facilitate more effective co-operation and more meaningful evaluations and comparisons of outcomes. At the first Tinnitus Research Initiative meeting held in Regensburg in July 2006 an attempt was made through workshops to gain a consensus both for patient assessments and for outcome measurements. It is hoped that this will contribute towards better cooperation between research centres in finding and evaluating treatments for tinnitus by allowing better comparability between studies.
Self-care agency and perceived health among people using advanced medical technology at home
2011
Aim. This paper is a report of a study of self-care agency and perceived health in a group ofpersons using advanced medical technology at home.Background. An increasing number of persons are using ...
Evaluation of the UP4FUN Intervention: A Cluster Randomized Trial to Reduce and Break Up Sitting Time in European 10-12-Year-Old Children
2015
Background The UP4FUN intervention is a family-involved school-based intervention aiming at reducing and breaking up sitting time at home (with special emphasis on screen time), and breaking up sitting time in school among 10–12 year olds in Europe. The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate its short term effects. Methodology/Principal Findings A total of 3147 pupils from Belgium, Germany, Greece, Hungary and Norway participated in a school-randomized controlled trial. The intervention included 1–2 school lessons per week for a period of six weeks, along with assignments for the children and their parents. Screen time and breaking up sitting time were registered by self-report and to…