Search results for "hordeum vulgare"

Soil plate bioassay: an effective method to determine ecotoxicological risks.

2010

Heavy metals have become one of the most serious anthropogenic stressors for plants and other living organisms. Having efficient and feasible bioassays available to assess the ecotoxicological risks deriving from soil pollution is necessary. This work determines pollution by Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in two soils used for growing rice from the Albufera Natural Park in Valencia (Spain). Both were submitted to a different degree of anthropic activity, and their ecotoxicological risk was assessed by four ecotoxicity tests to compare their effectiveness: Microtox test, Zucconi test, pot bioassay (PB) and soil plate bioassay (SPB). The sensitivity of three plant species (barley, cress and…

Impact of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) transgenic line H228.2A on substrate and rhizosphere microorganisms and the possibility of horizontal gene tran…

2013

Numerous investigations have been carried out to determine the impact of genetically modified plants, such as potato, maize, alfalfa and tobacco, on soil microorganisms and the results are contradictory. We applied classical microbiology methods to study quantitative changes of bacterial and fungal abundance in substrate and rhizosphere from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) transgenic line H228.2A containing Rpg1 and bar genes, and its parent nontransgenic variety ‘Golden Promise’. In addition, molecular biology methods were used to determine, if horizontal gene transfer from barley transgenic line to soil bacteria has occurred under experimental conditions by screening bacterial genomes for the…

Soil quality indicators as affected by a long term barley-maize and maize cropping systems

2011

Most soil studies aim a better characterization of the system through indicators. In the present study nematofauna and soil structure were chosen as indicators to be assess soil health as related to agricultural practices. The field research was carried out on the two fodder cropping systems continuous maize (CM, Zea mays L.) and a 3-year rotation of silage-maize – silage-barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with Italian ryegrass (R3) and grain-maize maintained in these conditions for 18 years. Each crop system was submitted to two management options: 1) the high input level (H), done as a conventional tillage, 2) the low input level (L), where the tillage was replaced by harrowing and the…

A major cysteine proteinase, EPB, in germinating barley seeds: structure of two intronless genes and regulation of expression

1996

The barley cysteine proteinase B (EPB) is the main protease responsible for the degradation of endosperm storage proteins providing nitrogenous nutrients to support the growth of young seedlings. The expression of this enzyme is induced in the germinating seeds by the phytohormone, gibberellin, and suppressed by another phytohormone, abscisic acid. In situ hybridization experiments indicate that EPB is expressed in the scutellar epithelium within 24 h of seed germination, but the aleurone tissue surrounding the starchy endosperm eventually becomes the main tissue expressing this enzyme. The EPB gene family of barley consists of two very similar genes, EPB1 and EPB2, both of which have been …

Effect of fertilisation on the changes of soil pH and exchangeable aluminium content in soil

2015

W pracy oceniono stopień zakwaszenia gleby oraz zawartość glinu wymiennego w zależności od rodzaju zastosowanego nawozu mineralnego oraz jego dawki. Badania prowadzono w oparciu o doświadczenie wazonowe z jęczmieniem jarym odmiany browarniczej Propino. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że największe zakwaszenie oraz największe zawartości glinu wymiennego stwierdza się w warunkach stosowania nawożenia w kombinacji NPK wraz z saletrą amonową. Zastosowany w różnych dawkach siarczan wapnia dwuwodny nie wpłynął na zmianę odczynu gleby, a odnotowana zawartość glinu wymiennego była niższa niż w kombinacji NPK wraz z saletrą amonową.

Powdery mildew resistance genes in Latvian barley varieties

2004

Thirty-three Latvian spring barley varieties and breeding lines and 90individual progenies from these were tested at the seedling stage for their reaction to a maximum 37 isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Eighteen varieties were composed of two or three lines with different resistance. TwelveMl powdery mildew resistance genes(a1, a6, a7, a8, a9, a12, a13, at, g, k1, (Kr) and La) and four Ml genes closely linked to the Mla locus [a(Al2), a(No3), a(Em2) and a(Ru3)] were found. Mla8, Mlg and Mlk1 were the most frequent genes that occurred among the tested genotypes. The results confirm the pedigrees of all genotypes apart from cv. Agra and the breeding line L-215.

Biomass of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in relation to fertilising

2016

Transport-related amino acid metabolism in germinating barley grains

1987

When eight [14C]-labelled amino acids were separately injected into the endosperm of germinating (4 days at 20°C) barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya) grains, the label was rapidly taken up by the scutellum and further transported to the shoot and roots. Some of the amino acids (leucine, lysine and asparagine) were transported in an intact form through the scutellum to the seedling, whilst glutamic acid and aspartic acid were largely converted to glutamine in the scutellum. Proline was mainly transported unchanged, but a small part of the label appeared in glutamine. Arginine was mostly broken down in the scutellum, possibly providing ammonia for the synthesis of glutamine. During furth…

Increased Auxin Content and Altered Auxin Response in Barley Necrotic Mutant nec1

2012

The role of hormone crosstalk in plant immunity is lately emerging as significant topic of plant physiology. Although crosstalk between salicylic acid and auxin affects plant disease resistance, molecular mechanisms of this process have not yet been uncovered in details. Mutations disrupting cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 4 (CNGC4) affect SA-mediated disease resistance in barley Hordeum vulgare and in A. thaliana. Significantly, decreased stomatal apertures of barley CNGC4 mutant nec1 and dwarfed stature of A. thaliana CNGC4 mutant dnd2 suggest that nonfunctional CNGC4 might be affecting also auxin signaling. Excised coleoptile elongation, stomatal conductance, and cell size measuremen…

Differential localization of two acid proteinases in germinating barley (Hordeum vulgare) seed

1995

A cathepsin D-like aspartic proteinase (EC 3.4.23) is abundant in ungerminated barley (Hordeum vulgare) seed while a 30 kDa cysteine endoproteinase (EC 3.4.22) is one of the proteinases synthesized de novo in the germinating seed. In this work, the localization of these two acid proteinases was studied at both the tissue and subcellular levels by immunomicroscopy. The results confirm that they have completely different functions. The aspartic proteinase was present in the ungerminated seed and, during germination, it appeared in all the living tissues of the grain, including the shoot and root. Contrary to previous suggestions, it was not observed in the starchy endosperm. By immunoblotting…