Search results for "human immunodeficiency viru"

Detection of HIV type 1 non-B subtypes in Sicily, Italy.

2004

To evaluate the presence of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in Sicily, we sequenced and genotyped HIV-1 PR and RT regions of the pol gene using plasma from 169 HIV-1-infected adult patients. All samples were obtained from a study of antiretroviral-associated resistance mutations resulting in virological failure during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Eight (4.7%) patients had the non-B HIV-1 subtype including some circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). All of these individuals acquired the infection by heterosexual transmission. The detection of HIV-1 non-B strains was significantly associated with younger age of HIV-1 acquisition. Our findings indicate, for the first time, the presence of…

Changes in At-Risk Behavior for HIV Infection among HIV-Positive Persons in Italy

2009

Many HIV-positive persons reportedly continue to engage in at-risk behavior. We compared the sexual and drug-using practices of HIV-positive persons before and after the diagnosis of HIV infection to determine whether their behavior had changed. To this end, in 2006, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving clinical centers in five Italian cities. Each center was asked to enroll 100 persons aged 18 years or older who had a diagnosis of HIV infection that dated back at least 2 years. Data were collected with a specifically designed questionnaire, administered during a structured interview. The McNemar chi2 test was used to compare the data before and after the diagnosis. A total of 497…

Aids in sicily: Prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in low and high risk groups

1987

A seroepidemiological survey, carried out to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to HIV in patients with ARC and in healthy individuals at risk for AIDS, showed the infection to be widespread in the groups at risk, namely in drug abusers and hemophiliacs. However, remarkable difference existed between the prevalence of antibodies to HIV in drug abusers of the city of Palermo and those of other Sicilian provinces. Spread of the virus among Sicilian thalassemics, however, was very low and quite similar in all geographic areas. Antibodies were found very rarely (0.06%) in unpaid voluntary blood donors. The spread of the virus is still confined in high risk groups, and the major part of the s…

Exocrine Pancreatic Function and Fat Malabsorption in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients

1999

BACKGROUND: Nutrients malabsorption frequently occurs in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, but very few studies have investigated exocrine pancreatic digestive capacity in these patients. We therefore evaluated the frequency of exocrine pancreatic impairment and its eventual relation with fat malabsorption in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: Thirty-five HIV-infected patients (30 male, 5 female: mean age +/- standard deviation, 33.6 +/- 7.2 years) and 51 sex- and age-matched controls without gastroenterologic diseases were studied. In all subjects fecal elastase 1 (EL-1) was assayed, and fecal fat excretion was evaluated with the steatocrit test. RESULTS: Nineteen of 35 (5…

Erythrocyte deformability in macrocytosis determined by means of ektacytometry techniques

2010

There is little information regarding the behaviour of red blood cell deformability in macrocytosis. We have determined in 114 patients with macrocytosis (MCV > 97 fL) and in 115 age and sex-matched subjects with normocytosis (VCM < 97 fL) erythrocyte deformability by means of ektacytometric techniques (Rheodyn SSD) measuring the erythrocyte elongation index (EEI) at 12, 30 and 60 Pa. Patients with macrocytosis showed statistically higher EEI at all the shear stresses tested when compared with controls (p < 0.001). When patients with macrocytosis were classified according to their main diagnosis as hepatic or renal disease, HIV and miscellaneous, 66.7%, 41.7%, 36.7% and 33.3% of patients, r…

Focused ultrasound to diagnose HIV-associated tuberculosis (FASH) in the extremely resource-limited setting of South Sudan: a cross-sectional study

2019

ObjectiveOur cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic performance of Focused Assessment with Sonography for HIV-associated tuberculosis (FASH) to detect extrapulmonary tuberculosis in extremely resource-limited settings, with visceral leishmaniasis as a differential diagnosis with overlapping sonographic feature.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingVoluntary Counselling and Testing Centre (VCT) of Yirol Hospital, South Sudan.ParticipantsFrom May to November 2017, 252 HIV-positive patients out of 624 newly admitted to VCT Centre were registered for antiretroviral treatment. According to the number of trained doctors available to practise ultrasound (US) scan, a sample of 100 pa…

Burkitt lymphoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection and pulmonary tuberculosis: A case report.

2019

Abstract Introduction: The association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with Burkitt lymphoma is related to the presence of Epstein Barr virus infection and the impact of the HIV antigen on the expansion of B-polyclonal cells. In Southeast Europe, the association is rare, and recognizing this is important in the therapeutic decision to increase patient survival rate. The association of HIV with Burkitt lymphoma and tuberculosis is even more rarely described in the literature. Patient concerns: We present the case of a 40-year-old patient who presented with a 3-week history of fever (max. 38.7 °C), painful axillary swelling on the right side, lumbar pain, gait disorders, heada…

Trends in hospitalizations and deaths in HIV-infected patients in Spain over two decades.

2021

Background The prognosis of HIV infection dramatically improved after the introduction of triple antiretroviral therapy 25 years ago. Herein, we report the impact of further improvements in HIV management since then, looking at all hospitalizations in persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain. Methods Retrospective study using the Spanish National Registry of Hospital Discharges. Information was retrieved since 1997 to 2018. Results From 79,647,783 nationwide hospital admissions recorded during the study period, 532,668 (0.67%) included HIV as diagnosis. The mean age of PLWH hospitalized increased from 33 to 51 years-old (p < 0.001). The rate of HIV hospitalizations significantly declined aft…

Papular pruritic eruption with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

1991

Tuberculous aortitis in an human immunodeficiency virus-positive Ivorian migrant: A case report.

2021

We report an unusual case of a 35-year-old Ivorian migrant with an abdominal mass and medical history relevant for human immunodeficiency virus-2 positivity with a CD4/CD8 ratio of 0.63; Mantoux and lymphocyte stimulation tests (QuantiFERON) were positive. 3D-CT images revealed a voluminous non-homogeneous retroperitoneal mass in the right abdominal region presenting no significant contrast impregnation. Thoraco-abdominal aorta presented diffuse-altered morphology with multiple ectasias throughout its course and an aneurysm at the level of the subrenal tract. The patient underwent vascular surgery. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was detected by polymerase chain reaction performed on in…