Search results for "hydrodynamic"
showing 10 items of 530 documents
Influence of annealing atmosphere on photoelectrochemical response of TiO2 nanotubes anodized under controlled hydrodynamic conditions
2021
[EN] The influence of three annealing atmospheres (air, nitrogen and argon) and the use of controlled hydrodynamic conditions (from 0 to 5000 rpm) on morphological, structural, chemical and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 nanotubes have been evaluated. For this purpose, different characterization techniques have been used: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Raman Confocal Laser Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Incident Photon-to-electron Conversion Efficiency measurements, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, Mott-Schottky analysis and photoelectrochemical water splitting tests. According to the results, it can be concluded that both hy…
X-ray emission from stellar jets by collision against high-density molecular clouds: an application to HH 248
2015
We investigate the plausibility of detecting X-ray emission from a stellar jet that impacts against a dense molecular cloud. This scenario may be usual for classical T Tauri stars with jets in dense star-forming complexes. We first model the impact of a jet against a dense cloud by 2D axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations, exploring different configurations of the ambient environment. Then, we compare our results with XMM-Newton observations of the Herbig-Haro object HH 248, where extended X-ray emission aligned with the optical knots is detected at the edge of the nearby IC 434 cloud. Our simulations show that a jet can produce plasma with temperatures up to 10 MK, consistent with producti…
Minimally implicit Runge-Kutta methods for Resistive Relativistic MHD
2016
The Relativistic Resistive Magnetohydrodynamic (RRMHD) equations are a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations used to describe the dynamics of relativistic magnetized fluids with a finite conductivity. Close to the ideal magnetohydrodynamic regime, the source term proportional to the conductivity becomes potentially stiff and cannot be handled with standard explicit time integration methods. We propose a new class of methods to deal with the stiffness fo the system, which we name Minimally Implicit Runge-Kutta methods. These methods avoid the development of numerical instabilities without increasing the computational costs in comparison with explicit methods, need no iterative …
Formation of X-ray emitting stationary shocks in magnetized protostellar jets
2016
X-ray observations of protostellar jets show evidence of strong shocks heating the plasma up to temperatures of a few million degrees. In some cases, the shocked features appear to be stationary. They are interpreted as shock diamonds. We aim at investigating the physics that guides the formation of X-ray emitting stationary shocks in protostellar jets, the role of the magnetic field in determining the location, stability, and detectability in X-rays of these shocks, and the physical properties of the shocked plasma. We performed a set of 2.5-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations modelling supersonic jets ramming into a magnetized medium and explored different configurations…
Spritz: General relativistic magnetohydrodynamics with neutrinos
2020
We here present a new version of the publicly available general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) code $\texttt{Spritz}$, which now includes an approximate neutrino leakage scheme able to handle neutrino cooling and heating. The leakage scheme is based on the publicly available $\texttt{ZelmaniLeak}$ code, with a few modifications in order to properly work with $\texttt{Spritz}$. We discuss the involved equations, physical assumptions, and implemented numerical methods, along with a large battery of general relativistic tests performed with and without magnetic fields. Our tests demonstrate the correct implementation of the neutrino leakage scheme, paving the way for further improvem…
Modeling the shock-cloud interaction in SN 1006: unveiling the origin of nonthermal X-ray and gamma-ray emission
2016
The supernova remnant SN 1006 is a source of high-energy particles and its southwestern limb is interacting with a dense ambient cloud, thus being a promising region for gamma-ray hadronic emission. We aim at describing the physics and the nonthermal emission associated with the shock-cloud interaction to derive the physical parameters of the cloud (poorly constrained by the data analysis), to ascertain the origin of the observed spatial variations in the spectral properties of the X-ray synchrotron emission, and to predict spectral and morphological features of the resulting gamma-ray emission. We performed 3-D magnetohydrodynamic simulations modeling the evolution of SN 1006 and its inter…
GW170817, General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations, and the Neutron Star Maximum Mass
2017
Recent numerical simulations in general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) provide useful constraints for the interpretation of the GW170817 discovery. Combining the observed data with these simulations leads to a bound on the maximum mass of a cold, spherical neutron star (the TOV limit): ${M_{\rm max}^{\rm sph}}\lesssim 2.74/\beta$, where $\beta$ is the ratio of the maximum mass of a uniformly rotating neutron star (the supramassive limit) over the maximum mass of a nonrotating star. Causality arguments allow $\beta$ to be as high as $1.27$, while most realistic candidate equations of state predict $\beta$ to be closer to $1.2$, yielding ${M_{\rm max}^{\rm sph}}$ in the range $2.16…
History and results of the Riga dynamo experiments
2008
On 11 November 1999, a self-exciting magnetic eigenfield was detected for the first time in the Riga liquid sodium dynamo experiment. We report on the long history leading to this event, and on the subsequent experimental campaigns which provided a wealth of data on the kinematic and the saturated regime of this dynamo. The present state of the theoretical understanding of both regimes is delineated, and some comparisons with other laboratory dynamo experiments are made.
Steady shocks around black holes produced by sub-keplerian flows with negative energy
2005
We discuss a special case of formation of axisymmetric shocks in the accretion flow of ideal gas onto a Schwarzschild black hole: when the total energy of the flow is negative. The result of our analysis enlarges the parameter space for which these steady shocks are exhibited in the accretion of gas rotating around relativistic stellar objects. Since keplerian disks have negative total energy, we guess that, in this energy range, the production of the shock phenomenon might be easier than in the case of positive energy. So our outcome reinforces the view that sub-keplerian flows of matter may significantly affect the physics of the high energy radiation emission from black hole candidates. …
Thermal emission, shock modification, and X-ray emitting ejecta in SN 1006
2009
Efficient particle acceleration can modify the structure of supernova remnants. In this context we present the results of the combined analysis of the XMM-Newton EPIC archive observations of SN 1006. We aim at describing the spatial distribution of the physical and chemical properties of the X-ray emitting plasma at the shock front. We investigate the contribution of thermal and non-thermal emission to the X-ray spectrum at the rim of the remnant to study how the acceleration processes affect the X-ray emitting plasma. We perform a spatially resolved spectral analysis on a set of regions covering the whole rim of the shell and we exploit the results of the spectral analysis to produce a cou…