Search results for "hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor"

Phenotypical and Functional Alteration of γδ T Lymphocytes in COVID-19 Patients: Reversal by Statins

2022

(1) Background: statins have been considered an attractive class of drugs in the pharmacological setting of COVID-19 due to their pleiotropic properties and their use correlates with decreased mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, it is well known that statins, which block the mevalonate pathway, affect γδ T lymphocyte activation. As γδ T cells participate in the inflammatory process of COVID-19, we have investigated the therapeutical potential of statins as a tool to inhibit γδ T cell pro-inflammatory activities; (2) Methods: we harvested peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients with mild clinical manifestatio…

Ionizing radiation-induced E-selectin gene expression and tumor cell adhesion is inhibited by lovastatin and all-trans retinoic acid

2004

E-selectin mediated tumor cell adhesion plays an important role in metastasis. Here we show that ionizing radiation (IR) induces E-selectin gene and protein expression in human endothelial cells at therapeutically relevant dose level. E-selectin expression is accompanied by an increase in the adhesion of human colon carcinoma cells to primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin impairs IR-stimulated E-selectin expression as analyzed at the level of the protein, mRNA and promoter. Inactivation of Rho GTPases either by use of Clostridium difficile toxin A or by co-expression of dominant-negative Rho blocked IR-induced E-selectin gene indu…

Asymptomatic Carotid Lesion as a Marker of Future Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Events

2003

Concomitant Use of Statins, Metformin, or Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with First-Line Combination T…

2022

Background Drug-drug interactions are a major concern in oncology and may potentially affect the outcome of patients with cancer. Objective In this study, we aimed to determine whether the concomitant use of statins, metformin, or proton pump inhibitors affects survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line combination therapies. Methods Medical records of patients with documented metastatic renal cell carcinoma between January 2016 and November 2021 were reviewed at 17 participating centers. This research was conducted in ten institutions, including both referral centers and local hospitals. Patients were assessed for overall survival, progression-free su…

Oxidative stress in vascular disease: causes, defense mechanisms and potential therapies

2007

Endothelial cells control vascular homeostasis by generating paracrine factors that regulate vascular tone, inhibit platelet function, prevent adhesion of leukocytes, and limit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle. The dominant factor responsible for many of those effects is endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). Endothelial dysfunction characterized by enhanced inactivation or reduced synthesis of NO, alone or in combination, is seen in conjunction with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction can promote vasospasm, thrombosis, vascular inflammation, and proliferation of the intima. Vascular oxidative stress and increased production of reactive oxygen species con…

Bempedoic acid as adjunct for traditional lipid-lowering therapy in patients with hyperlipidaemia

2020

Statin therapy has been the cornerstone for the reduction of cholesterol and circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, statin monotherapy has disadvantages attributable to myopathies and to the insufficient cholesterol reduction observed in some patients. There is a need for new well-tolerated therapies for lowering LDL. This review will focus on bempedoic acid in combination with traditional statin therapy or other lipid-lowering agents and its emerging role in LDL-C lowering. Bempedoic acid is also a viable alternative for reducing LDL cholesterol in the treatment of some patients suffering from heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Lifestyle and impact on cardiovascular risk factor control in coronary patients across 27 countries: Results from the European Society of Cardiology …

2019

Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether the Joint European Societies guidelines on secondary cardiovascular prevention are followed in everyday practice. Design A cross-sectional ESC-EORP survey (EUROASPIRE V) at 131 centres in 81 regions in 27 countries. Methods Patients (<80 years old) with verified coronary artery events or interventions were interviewed and examined ≥6 months later. Results A total of 8261 patients (females 26%) were interviewed. Nineteen per cent smoked and 55% of them were persistent smokers, 38% were obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), 59% were centrally obese (waist circumference: men ≥102 cm; women ≥88 cm) while 66% were physically active <30 min 5…

Effects of statins, fibrates, rosuvastatin, and ezetimibe beyond cholesterol: the modulation of LDL size and subclasses in high-risk patients.

2007

Increasing evidence suggests that the quality-rather than just the quantity-of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) exerts a great influence on cardiovascular risk. LDLs comprise multiple subclasses with discrete size and density, and different physicochemical composition, metabolic behaviors, and atherogenicity. Individuals generally cluster into 2 broad subgroups. Most have a predominance of large LDLs, and some have a higher proportion of small particles. Small, dense LDLs are good predictors of cardiovascular events and progression of coronary artery disease. Their predominance has been accepted as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Tre…

Treatment options for managing atherogenic dyslipidemia and fatty liver disease

2014

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries with up to 30% of the population affected. Since NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, these patients should be stratified for CV risk factors, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, and managed accordingly. Lifestyle modifications represent an effective treatment for NAFLD, since most patients are overweight or obese. Also, promising, but not conclusive, results are available for current pharmacologic treatment. Drugs potentially effective against NAFLD include insulin sensitisers as well as fibrates and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, whil…

Selenoproteins, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and the consequences: revisiting of the mevalonate pathway.

2004

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activators (fibrates) are the backbone of pharmacologic hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia treatment. Many of their clinical effects, however, are still enigmatic. This article describes how a side road of the mevalonate pathway, characterized in recent years, can rationalize a major fraction of these unexplained observations. This side road is the enzymatic isopentenylation of selenocysteine-tRNA([Ser]Sec) (Sec-tRNA), the singular tRNA to decode the unusual amino acid selenocysteine. The functionally indispensable isopentenylation of Sec-tRNA requires a unique interm…