Search results for "hyperglycemia"

showing 10 items of 71 documents

Functional consequences of microbial shifts in the human gastrointestinal tract linked to antibiotic treatment and obesity

2013

The microbiomes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of individuals receiving antibiotics and those in obese subjects undergo compositional shifts, the metabolic effects and linkages of which are not clearly understood. Herein, we set to gain insight into these effects, particularly with regard to carbohydrate metabolism, and to contribute to unravel the underlying mechanisms and consequences for health conditions. We measured the activity level of GIT carbohydrate-active enzymes toward 23 distinct sugars in adults patients (n = 2) receiving 14-d β-lactam therapy and in obese (n = 7) and lean (n = 5) adolescents. We observed that both 14 d antibiotic-treated and obese subjects showed higher …

MaleobesityAnabolismAntibioticsBody Mass Indexmetabolic reconstructionantibiotic therapySystems and Synthetic Biology2. Zero hungerSysteem en Synthetische Biologie0303 health sciencesGastrointestinal tractMicrobiotaHuman gastrointestinal tractGastroenterologyBiotaAnti-Bacterial Agents3. Good healthInfectious Diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureglycosidaseCarbohydrate MetabolismFemaleResearch PaperAdultMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentmedicine.drug_classCarbohydrate metabolismBiologyMicrobiology03 medical and health sciencesInsulin resistanceInternal medicinemedicineHumansMicrobiomeObesityVLAGAged030304 developmental biologyMetabolic reconstruction030306 microbiologyAntibiotic therapymedicine.diseaseObesityGlycosidaseGastrointestinal TractDistal gutEndocrinologyHyperglycemiaInsulin Resistancedistal gut
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Drug‐refractory myasthenia gravis: Clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcome

2022

[Objective] To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with refractory myasthenia gravis (MG) and to determine the effectiveness and side effects of the drugs used for their treatment.

Maleprogressive multifocal leukoencepdiarrheacholinergic receptorplasma exchangemiddle agedadultimmunologic factornauseaanemiahypertrichosisageddrug withdrawaldiabetes mellitusdisease severityTRIALsafetycorticosteroidhypertensionImmunologyMiastenia gravismethotrexateArticlebulbar paralysispancytopeniaMuscular DiseasescompulsionMyasthenia Gravischolinesterase inhibitorcross-sectional studyHumansImmunologic FactorshumanRITUXIMABarthralgiaNeurologíaMalalties muscularsAgedRetrospective Studiesmyasthenia gravisleukopeniaabdominal painDrug testingmajor clinical studyCross-Sectional StudiesDrug side effectscyclophosphamideobservational studyNeurology (clinical)immunoglobulinFEATURESefficacyclinical outcomeelectrophysiological procedurescomputer assisted tomographyDOUBLE-BLINDTratamiento médicorituximabOutcome Assessment Health CareImmunologiamuscle specific tyrosine kinaseRegistriestacrolimusazathioprineMedicamentoGeneral Neurosciencenephrotoxicitygeneral condition deteriorationhyperplasiatrialMiddle Agedliver toxicitydrug toxicityunclassified drugfemaleEfectes secundaris dels medicamentsSAFETYFemaledouble-blindheadacheblindnessAdultAssaigs clínics de medicamentsmalefeaturesfollow uppneumoniacyclosporinemycophenolate mofetilprotein tyrosine kinaseimmunosuppressive agentallergyalopeciaEFFICACYclinical featureosteopeniaSpainprednisonehyperglycemiaautoantibodyFollow-Up Studies
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Monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus display an increased production of interleukin (IL)-1β via the nucleot…

2015

Summary A better understanding about the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) showed that inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1β play a pivotal role, mirroring data largely reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-1β is produced mainly by monocytes (MO), and hyperglycaemia may be able to modulate, in the cytoplasm of these cells, the assembly of a nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin (NLRP3)-inflammosome, a cytosolic multi-protein platform where the inactive pro-IL-1β is cleaved into active form, via caspase-1 activity. In this paper, we evaluated the production of IL-1 β …

Maletype 2 diabetes mellituInflammasomesMessengerIL-1β; NLRP3-inflammasome; rheumatoid arthritis; type 2 diabetes mellitus; Adult; Arthritis Rheumatoid; Carrier Proteins; Caspase 1; Cells Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; Enzyme Activation; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Inflammasomes; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Leukocytes Mononuclear; Male; Middle Aged; RNA Messenger; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaInterleukin-1betaArthritisPyrin domainInflammasomeArthritis RheumatoidRheumatoidImmunology and AllergyCells CulturedCulturedCaspase 1InterleukinDiabetes MellituMiddle AgedIL-1βTumor necrosis factor alphaNLRP3-inflammasomeFemalemedicine.symptomType 2ArthritiHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyMononuclearImmunologyCaspase 1InflammationProinflammatory cytokineInternal medicineNLR Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinmedicineHumansRNA MessengerInflammationbusiness.industryTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaType 2 Diabetes MellitusOriginal Articlesrheumatoid arthritiLeukocytemedicine.diseaseEnzyme ActivationEndocrinologyGlucoseDiabetes Mellitus Type 2HyperglycemiaImmunologyLeukocytes MononuclearRNACellbusinessCarrier ProteinsCarrier Protein
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Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A New Look at Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Role of Novel Antidiabetic Agents.

2021

Epidemiological data have demonstrated a significant association between the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, the processes inherent to T2DM, also play active roles in the onset and progression of CRC. Recently, small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, a typical characteristic of diabetic dyslipidemia, emerged as another possible underlying link between T2DM and CRC. Growing evidence suggests that antidiabetic medications may have beneficial effects in CRC prevention. According to findings from a limited number of preclinical and clinical stud…

Oncologyendocrine system diseasesColorectal cancerComorbidityReview0302 clinical medicineinsulin resistanceEpidemiologyBiology (General)small dense LDLSpectroscopyglucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists0303 health sciencesIncidenceGeneral MedicineSmall dense LDL3. Good healthComputer Science ApplicationsLipoproteins LDLChemistry030220 oncology & carcinogenesismedicine.symptomColorectal Neoplasmsmedicine.medical_specialtyQH301-705.5InflammationCatalysisGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorInorganic Chemistry03 medical and health sciencesInsulin resistanceInternal medicineDiabetes mellitusmedicineHumansHypoglycemic AgentsIn patientPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryQD1-999Molecular BiologyAntidiabetic agents030304 developmental biologyInflammationbusiness.industryOrganic ChemistryType 2 Diabetes Mellitusnutritional and metabolic diseasesInsulin resistanceGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Hyperglycemia Inflammation Insulin resistance Comorbidity Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Humans Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemic Agents Incidence Lipoproteins LDL Oxidative Stress Colorectal Neoplasms Small dense LDLmedicine.diseasedigestive system diseasesOxidative StressDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Oxidative stressinflammationHyperglycemiabusinessInternational journal of molecular sciences
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Hyperglycemia at admission, comorbidities, and in-hospital mortality in elderly patients hospitalized in internal medicine wards: data from the RePoS…

2021

Abstract Aims The association between hyperglycemia at hospital admission and relevant short- and long-term outcomes in elderly population is known. We assessed the effects on mortality of hyperglycemia, disability, and multimorbidity at admission in internal medicine ward in patients aged ≥ 65 years. Methods Data were collected from an active register of 102 internal medicine and geriatric wards in Italy (RePoSi project). Patients were recruited during four index weeks of a year. Socio-demographic data, reason for hospitalization, diagnoses, treatment, severity and comorbidity indexes (Cumulative Illness rating Scale CIRS-SI and CIRS-CI), renal function, functional (Barthel Index), and cog…

RegistrieMaleComorbidity; Diabetes; Disability; Elderly; Hyperglycemia; Mortality; Aged; Aged 80 and over; Comorbidity; Female; Hospital Mortality; Hospitals; Humans; Internal Medicine; Male; Registries; Hospitalization; Hyperglycemiamedicine.medical_specialtyEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismSocio-culturaleRenal functionComorbidity; Diabetes; Disability; Elderly; Hyperglycemia; MortalityComorbidity030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyDiabeteHospital03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineEndocrinologyElderlyRating scaleInternal medicineDiabetes mellitus80 and overInternal MedicinemedicineHumansLS4_4Hospital MortalityRegistries030212 general & internal medicineMortalityAgedAged 80 and overDisabilityClass III obesitybusiness.industryMortality rateDiabetesComorbidity Diabetes Disability Elderly Hyperglycemia MortalityGeneral Medicinemedicine.diseaseComorbidityHospitalsHospitalizationMood disordersHyperglycemiaMortality.FemaleGeriatric Depression ScaleOriginal ArticlebusinessHumanActa Diabetologica
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Specific short and long term prognostic value of admission HbA(1c) and plasma glucose in non-diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction: data…

2018

Risk of cardio- vascular mortality[SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolismAcute hyperglycemiaPatients with acute myocardial infarction[SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system
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TYPE 2 DIABETES AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

2014

Epidemiological and biological evidences support a link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and Al-zheimer’s disease (AD). Persons with diabetes have a higher incidence of cognitive decline and an increased risk of developing all types of dementia. Cognitive deficits in persons with diabetes mainly affect the ar-eas of psychomotor efficiency, attention, learning and memory, mental flexibility and speed, and executive function. The strong epidemiological association has suggested the existence of a physiopathological link. The determinants of the accelerated cognitive decline in DM2, however, are less clear. Increased cortical and subcortical atrophy have been evidenced after con-trolling…

Settore MED/09 - Medicina InternaHyperglycemiaAlzheimerAg-ingCognitive declineMild cognitive impairmentDementiaInsu-linType 2 diabeteHypoglycemia
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Absolute Hyperglycemia versus Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio for the Prognosis of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in the First Months of the Pandemic…

2022

Diabetes is a risk factor for greater severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) is an independent predictor of critical illness, and it is reported to have a stronger association than absolute hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of absolute hyperglycemia and SHR with the severity of COVID-19, since there are no studies investigating SHR in patients with COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective observational study on hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the first months of the pandemic, regarding absolute hyperglycemia, SHR, and severity outcomes. Of the 374 patients, 28.1% had a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes…

Stress hyperglycemia ratioHyperglycemiaEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismDiabetesInternal MedicineCOVID-19HCC ENDCOVID-19 Diabetes Hyperglycemia Prognosis Stress hyperglycemia ratioDiabetes Therapy
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Inflammation Determines the Pro-Adhesive Properties of High Extracellular D-Glucose in Human Endothelial Cells In Vitro and Rat Microvessels In Vivo

2010

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia is acknowledged as an independent risk factor for developing diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. At present, most therapeutic approaches are targeted at a tight glycemic control in diabetic patients, although this fails to prevent macrovascular complications of the disease. Indeed, it remains highly controversial whether or not the mere elevation of extracellular D-glucose can directly promote vascular inflammation, which favors early pro-atherosclerotic events. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In the present work, increasing extracellular D-glucose from 5.5 to 22 mmol/L was neither sufficient to induce intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion mo…

Umbilical VeinsEndotheliumCardiovascular Disorders/Coronary Artery Diseaselcsh:MedicineInflammationIn vivoDiabetes mellitusCell AdhesionmedicineExtracellularAnimalsHumansLeukocyte RollingCardiovascular Disorders/Vascular BiologyUNESCO::CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA::Microbiología ::Otraslcsh:ScienceCell adhesionInflammationMultidisciplinaryInflammation; Pro-adhesive properties; High extracellular D-glucose; Human endothelial cells In Vitro; Rat microvessels In VivoDose-Response Relationship DrugChemistrylcsh:RCardiovascular Disorders/Peripheral Vascular DiseaseAdhesivenessEndothelial CellsChemotaxismedicine.diseaseIn vitroRatsChemotaxis LeukocyteDiabetes and EndocrinologyCell Biology/Cell AdhesionGlucosemedicine.anatomical_structureHyperglycemiaMicrovesselsImmunologyCancer researchlcsh:QEndothelium Vascularmedicine.symptomResearch Article
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Sepsis in head and neck cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and radiation: literature review and consensus

2015

Abstract: The reporting of infection/sepsis in chemo/radiation-treated head and neck cancer patients is sparse and the problem is underestimated. A multidisciplinary group of head and neck cancer specialists from Italy met with the aim of reaching a consensus on a clinical definition and management of infections and sepsis. The Delphi appropriateness method was used for this consensus. External expert reviewers then evaluated the conclusions carefully according to their area of expertise. The paper contains seven clusters of statements about the clinical definition and management of infections and sepsis in head and neck cancer patients, which had a consensus. Furthermore, it offers a revie…

cancer patientpathogenesipositron emission tomographyhealthcare associated infectionSettore MED/06 - Oncologia Medicapatient monitoringradiodiagnosimedicine.medical_treatmentChemotherapy; Head and neck cancer; Radiotherapy; SepsisthrombocytopeniaReviewblood cultureorgan injurymedical terminologyMedicineHead and neck cancermetabolic acidosiC reactive proteinHead and Neck Neoplasmmedical specialisttreatment withdrawalconsensus developmentHematologyclinical practicesystemic inflammatory response syndromeItalyOncologyHead and Neck Neoplasmslaboratory testthrombocytosichemically induced/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_beingchemotherapy; head and neck cancer; radiotherapy; sepsis; oncology; hematology; geriatrics and gerontologyorgan perfusionhospitalizationHumansepsis Head and Neck Neoplasmmedicine.medical_specialtySettore MED/17 - Malattie InfettiveSepsibacterium culturediagnostic approach routefluorodeoxyglucosecancer chemotherapySepsisSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingSepsiscancer radiotherapyfollow upChemotherapyHumansinfection riskIntensive care medicineprocalcitonin antimicrobial therapyChemotherapyRadiotherapybusiness.industrydisease predispositionHead and neck cancerlactic acidChemotherapy; Head and neck cancer; Radiotherapy; Sepsis; Humans; Italy; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Sepsis; Hematology; Oncology; Geriatrics and Gerontologymedicine.diseasemortalityDelphi studyRadiation therapyinflammationincidencehyperglycemiaHuman medicineGeriatrics and Gerontologybusiness
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