Search results for "hypertrophy"
showing 10 items of 335 documents
Systemic blockade of ACVR2B ligands attenuates muscle wasting in ischemic heart failure without compromising cardiac function
2020
Signaling through activin receptors regulates skeletal muscle mass and activin receptor 2B (ACVR2B) ligands are also suggested to participate in myocardial infarction (MI) pathology in the heart. In this study, we determined the effect of systemic blockade of ACVR2B ligands on cardiac function in experimental MI, and defined its efficacy to revert muscle wasting in ischemic heart failure (HF). Mice were treated with soluble ACVR2B decoy receptor (ACVR2B-Fc) to study its effect on post-MI cardiac remodeling and on later HF. Cardiac function was determined with echocardiography, and myocardium analyzed with histological and biochemical methods for hypertrophy and fibrosis. Pharmacological blo…
A human relevance investigation of PPARα-mediated key events in the hepatocarcinogenic mode of action of propaquizafop in rats
2018
Propaquizafop is an herbicide with demonstrated hepatocarcinogenic activity in rodents. A rodent-specific mode of action (MOA) in the liver via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) has been postulated based on existing data. Experience with PPARα-inducing pharmaceuticals indicates a lack of human relevance of this MOA. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the dependency of early key events leading to liver tumors on PPARα activation in wildtype (WT) compared to PPARα-knockout (KO) rats following 2 weeks exposure to 75, 500 and 1000 ppm propaquizafop in the diet. In WT rats, both WY-14643 (50 mg/kg bw/day) and propaquizafop (dose-dependentl…
Bigger is not better: cortisol-induced cardiac growth and dysfunction in salmonids
2015
This is a Published Manuscript of an article published by Company of Biologists in Journal of Experimental Biology, available online: http://www.biologists.com/ Stress and elevated cortisol levels are associated with pathological heart growth and cardiovascular disease in humans and other mammals. We recently established a link between heritable variation in post-stress cortisol production and cardiac growth also in salmonid fish. A conserved stimulatory effect of the otherwise catabolic steroid hormone cortisol is likely implied, but has to date not been established experimentally. Furthermore, whereas cardiac growth is associated with failure of the mammalian heart, pathological cardiac h…
Training load does not affect detraining's effect on muscle volume, muscle strength and functional capacity among older adults
2017
Research underlines the potential of low-load resistance exercise in older adults. However, while the effects of detraining from high-load protocols have been established, it is not known whether gains from low-load training would be better/worse maintained. The current study evaluated the effects of 24weeks of detraining that followed 12weeks of high- and low-load resistance exercise in older adults. Fifty-six older adults (68.0±5.0years) were randomly assigned to leg press and leg extension training at either HIGH load (2×10-15 repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM)), LOW load (1×80-100 repetitions at 20% of 1-RM), or LOW+ load (1×60 repetitions at 20% of 1-RM, immediately fo…
Adult polyglucosan body myopathy.
1992
This report describes a sporadic late-onset myopathy in two unrelated adults which was marked by polyglucosan inclusions surrounded by abnormally structured mitochondria, the latter finding a localized, possibly reactive phenomenon. The polyglucosan material was characterized by a battery of histochemical and enzyme histochemical techniques; revealed common antigenicity with Lafora bodies, corpora amylacea and muscle fiber inclusions in types IV and VII glycogenoses; and contained ubiquitin. Additional lectin histochemical and associated digestion preparations disclosed the presence of alpha-glycosyl residues as apparently the sole carbohydrate component in polyglucosan bodies while the abo…
Right ventricular collagen type III and IV gene expression increases during early phases of endurance training in hypobaric hypoxic condition
1997
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of prolonged exposure to hypobaric hypoxic condition, physical training and their combination on collagen type I, III and IV gene expression in the ventricles and atria of rat heart. Male rats were assigned to four groups: normobaric sedentary (NS) and trained (NT), and hypobaric sedentary (HS) and trained (HT). Exposure to and treadmill running training in hypobaric condition were carried out in a hypobaric chamber (770–740 mbar, 2250–2550 m). Experimental periods were 10, 21 and 56 days; the groups of 91 days served as recovery groups from experimental settings of 56 days. Exposure to hypobaric condition as such and in combination wit…
Activin A circulating levels in patients with bone metastasis from breast or prostate cancer
2006
Recent studies have highlighted that Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, may be involved in the regulation of osteoblastic activity and in osteoclast differentiation. Therefore, we have investigated the clinical significance of its circulating levels in patients with bone metastasis. Activin A serum concentrations were determined, by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, in 72 patients with breast cancer (BC) or prostatic cancer (PC) with (BM+) or without (BM-) bone metastases, in 15 female patients with age-related osteoporosis (OP), in 20 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and in 48 registered healthy b…
Downregulation and Nuclear Relocation of MLP During the Progression of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Induced by Chronic Pressure Overload
2000
Abstract The cardiac LIM domain protein MLP plays a crucial role in the architecture and mechanical function of cardiac myocytes. Mice lacking the MLP gene develop cardiac hypertrophy, dilated cardiopathy and heart failure. We investigated whether downregulation of MLP is induced by pressure overload and contributes to the physiopathology of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. We studied this mechanism in rat right ventricles submitted to pulmonary arterial hypertension, because it is known that this ventricle is very vulnerable to the deleterious effects of pressure overload. During the progression of cardiac hypertrophy to failure over a 31 days period there was a dramatic decrease by 50% of…
Inter-society consensus for the use of inhaled corticosteroids in infants, children and adolescents with airway diseases
2021
Abstract Background In 2019, a multidisciplinary panel of experts from eight Italian scientific paediatric societies developed a consensus document for the use of inhaled corticosteroids in the management and prevention of the most common paediatric airways disorders. The aim is to provide healthcare providers with a multidisciplinary document including indications useful in the clinical practice. The consensus document was intended to be addressed to paediatricians who work in the Paediatric Divisions, the Primary Care Services and the Emergency Departments, as well as to Residents or PhD students, paediatric nurses and specialists or consultants in paediatric pulmonology, allergy, infecti…
Modification of the rat aortic wall during ageing; possible relation with decrease of peptidergic innervation.
2002
Structural changes of the male rat aorta were followed from birth to old age in male and female rats. In males, the vessel media width and area progressively increase concomitantly with a decrease of nuclei density during ageing, suggesting an hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells. These correlations were however not evidenced in females. TUNEL-positive cells were found in media of 4 and 6 months in both sexes, mainly on the luminal side and in the adventitia. When biochemical markers were investigated with immunohistochemistry, media was uniformly stained by the anti-vimentin and anti-alpha-smooth actin at all stages investigated. On the contrary, the surface of media stained with anti-de…