Search results for "hypothesis"
showing 10 items of 426 documents
Joint contractures in the absence of inflammation may indicate mucopolysaccharidosis
2009
Abstract Background Undiagnosed patients with the attenuated form of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type I often have joint symptoms in childhood that prompt referral to a rheumatologist. A survey conducted by Genzyme Corporation of 60 European and Canadian rheumatologists and pediatric rheumatologists demonstrated that Bone and joint manifestations are prominent among most patients with MPS disorders. These life-threatening lysosomal storage diseases are caused by deficient activity of specific enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Patients with attenuated MPS disease often experience diagnostic delays. Enzyme replacement therapy is now commercially available for MPS I (l…
Testing for a breakpoint in segmented regression: a pseudo score approach
2011
To overcome the well known oddities in testing for the existence of a breakpoint in segmented regression models, we discuss a novel approach based on the Pearson X2 statistic which can be understood as an approximation of the Score statistic. We describe the method and present results from some simulations.
Wiener-Granger Causality in Network Physiology with Applications to Cardiovascular Control and Neuroscience
2016
Since the operative definition given by C. W. J. Granger of an idea expressed by N. Wiener, the Wiener–Granger causality (WGC) has been one of the most relevant concepts exploited by modern time series analysis. Indeed, in networks formed by multiple components, working according to the notion of segregation and interacting with each other according to the principle of integration, inferring causality has opened a window on the effective connectivity of the network and has linked experimental evidences to functions and mechanisms. This tutorial reviews predictability improvement, information-based and frequency domain methods for inferring WGC among physiological processes from multivariate…
Restricciones y capacidades para la acción climática: un análisis en empresas de economías con debilidades institucionales
2023
Indagamos porqué las empresas se comprometen con acciones contra el cambio climático (ACC). Primero estudiamos un efecto macro de las interacciones entre la configuración institucional que externaliza la FDI y las instituciones locales. La FDI externalizará positivamente las instituciones de origen cuando proviene de economías de mercado más coordinadas, mientras que las instituciones locales juegan diversos roles y contrarrestan los efectos negativos de la FDI de otro origen. Luego estudiamos la complementación positiva entre las fachadas organizativas —frentes simbólicos— sobre algunos recursos de la empresa. Finalmente se relacionan las acciones más sustantivas con la ampliación de los l…
Are habitat loss, predation risk and climate related to the drastic decline in a Siberian flying squirrel population? A 15 year study
2014
To devise effective conservation actions, it is important to know which factors are associated with the population parameters of a declining population. Using mark–recapture methods, we estimated the annual population size, growth rate and survival probability of an ear-tagged flying squirrel population over a 15-year period in a 4,500 ha study area in western Finland. The species is considered vulnerable, but detailed knowledge concerning population sizes or trends is lacking. The population parameters and changes therein were regressed against habitat availability, an indicator of predation pressure, and mean winter temperature (an indicator of climate change), to reveal potential reasons…
Why is the hypothetico-deductive (H-D) method in information systems not an H-D method?
2020
The hypothetico-deductive (H-D) method is reported to be common in information systems (IS). In IS, the H-D method is often presented as a Popperian, Hempelian, or natural science method. However, there are many fundamental differences between what Popper or Hempel actually say and what the alleged H-D method per Hempel or per Popper means in IS. To avoid possible misunderstanding and conceptual confusion about the basic philosophical concepts, we explain some of these differences, which are not mentioned in IS literature describing the H-D model. Due to these distinctive differences, the alleged H-D method per Hempel or per Popper in IS cannot be regarded as the H-D model per Hempel or per…
Scientific writing for impact factor journals
2013
EASARCICAPLivre dispo. dans :hal-00832739, version 1; Publish or Perish. This old adage illustrates the importance of scientific communication; essential to research, it also represents a strategic sector for each country’s competitiveness. An often-neglected topic, scientific communication is of vital importance, with new information technologies accelerating and profoundly changing how knowledge is disseminated. The necessity of optimally disseminating experts’ findings has also become crucial to researchers, institutes and universities alike, which has prompted the recent advent of Impact Factors for the evaluation and financing of research, the goal being for scientific knowledge to be …
Scientific discovery and its role in sports science
2016
Scientific discovery is about a search for the Truth, for the consistent and predictable in how the universe works. Using a particular method of inquiry, the scientific method, and with acknowledgement of the inherently self-correcting nature of science, scientific inquiry moves forward incrementally to ever closer approximations of the Truth. This paper reviews the history of scientific inquiry, the methodology of the scientific method, including the necessity for hypothesis testing and development of the probability that a particular answer is a closer approximation of the Truth than previous answers have been. It also discusses some of the pitfalls of scientific inquiry, and areas in whi…
The Joint Distribution Criterion and the Distance Tests for Selective Probabilistic Causality
2010
A general definition and a criterion (a necessary and sufficient condition) are formulated for an arbitrary set of external factors to selectively influence a corresponding set of random entities (generalized random variables, with values in arbitrary observation spaces), jointly distributed at every treatment (a set of factor values containing precisely one value of each factor). The random entities are selectively influenced by the corresponding factors if and only if the following condition, called the joint distribution criterion, is satisfied : there is a jointly distributed set of random entities, one entity for every value of every factor, such that every subset of this set that corr…
Why are dreams interesting for philosophers? The example of minimal phenomenal selfhood, plus an agenda for future research.
2013
This metatheoretical paper develops a list of new research targets by exploring particularly promising interdisciplinary contact points between empirical dream research and philosophy of mind. The central example is the MPS-problem. It is constituted by the epistemic goal of conceptually isolating and empirically grounding the phenomenal property of “minimal phenomenal selfhood,” which refers to the simplest form of self-consciousness. In order to precisely describe MPS, one must focus on those conditions that are not only causally enabling, but strictly necessary to bring it into existence. This contribution argues that research on bodiless dreams, asomatic out-of-body experiences, and ful…