Search results for "i.i.d."

Genetically modified seeds and plant propagating material in Europe: potential routes of entrance and current status

2019

Genetically modified organisms (GMO), mainly crop plants, are increasingly grown worldwide leading to large trade volumes of living seeds and other plant material both for cultivation and for food and animal feed. Even though all the traded GMOs have been assessed for their safety with regards to human and animal health and the environment, there still are some concerns regarding the potential uncontrolled release in the environment of authorized or unauthorized GM plants. In this review, we identify the possible entrance routes of GM seeds and other propagating plant material in the EU which could be linked to unauthorized release of GMOs in the environment. In addition, we discuss the sit…

Updated use of TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: How and when to use it based on clinical evidence.

2018

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, representing the sixth leading cause of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Patient stratification and treatment allocation are based on tumor stage, liver function, and performance status. According to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the first-line treatment for patients with intermediate stage HCC, including those with large or multinodular HCC, well-preserved liver function, and no cancer-related symptoms or evidence of vascular invasion or extrahepatic spread. Two TACE techniques have been used since 2004, convent…

Predictive and Prognostic Molecular Factors in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas.

2021

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the commonest form of lymphoid malignancy, with a prevalence of about 40% worldwide. Its classification encompasses a common form, also termed as “not otherwise specified” (NOS), and a series of variants, which are rare and at least in part related to viral agents. Over the last two decades, DLBCL-NOS, which accounts for more than 80% of the neoplasms included in the DLBCL chapter, has been the object of an increasing number of molecular studies which have led to the identification of prognostic/predictive factors that are increasingly entering daily practice. In this review, the main achievements obtained by gene expression profiling (with respect t…

Optogenetics: a new method for the causal analysis of neuronal networks in vivo

2012

Abstract The causal analysis of neuronal network function requires selective manipulations of ge­netically defined neuronal subpopulations in the intact living brain. Here, we highlight the method of optogenetics, which meets those needs. We cover methodological aspects, limitations, and practical applications in the field of neurosciences. The fundamentals of optogenetics are light-sensitive transmembrane channels and light-driven ion pumps, which can be genetically encoded, without requir­ing the application of exogenous cofactors. These opsins are expressed in neurons by means of viral gene transfer and cell-specific promoters. Light for stimulation can be non- or minimally invasively de…

Modulating allergic response by engineering the major Parietaria allergens.

2017

Identification of potential therapeutic compounds for Parkinson's disease using Drosophila and human cell models.

2017

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. It is caused by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to a decrease in dopamine levels in the striatum and thus producing movement impairment. Major physiological causes of neurodegeneration in PD are oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction; these pathophysiological changes can be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Although most PD cases are sporadic, it has been shown that 5–10% of them are familial forms caused by mutations in certain genes. One of these genes is the DJ-1 oncogene, which is involved in an early…

Studies towards a directional polychromatic sodium laser guide star

2018

In this work we discuss a mechanism for generation of a coherent source of light from the mesosphere as a new concept of directional laser guide star. In contrast to the near-isotropic spontaneous emission, nonlinear processes in atomic vapors like amplified spontaneous emission can yield highly directional emission in the forward and backward directions. Along with directional emission, excited sodium atoms also radiate at different wavelength creating a polychromatic laser guide star (PLGS). If feasible, a directional PLGS would provide a net gain in the return flux of several orders of magnitude compared to traditional LGS schemes, making possible laser-guided tip/tilt-correction in adap…

A conditional inducible JAK2V617F transgenic mouse model reveals myeloproliferative disease that is reversible upon switching off transgene expressio…

2019

Aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is thought to be the critical event in the pathogenesis of the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. The most frequent genetic alteration in these pathologies is the activating JAK2V617F mutation, and expression of the mutant gene in mouse models was shown to cause a phenotype resembling the human diseases. Given the body of genetic evidence, it has come as a sobering finding that JAK inhibitor therapy only modestly suppresses the JAK2V617F allele burden, despite showing clear benefits in terms of reducing splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms in patients. To gain a better …

Copper transporter COPT5 participates in the crosstalk between vacuolar copper and iron pools mobilisation

2019

Copper (Cu) deficiency affects iron (Fe) homeostasis in several plant processes, including the increased Fe requirements due to cuproprotein substitutions for the corresponding Fe counterpart. Loss-of-function mutants from Arabidopsis thaliana high affinity copper transporter COPT5 and Fe transporters NATURAL RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN 3/4 (NRAMP3 and NRAMP4) were used to study the interaction between metals internal pools. A physiological characterisation showed that the copt5 mutant is sensitive to Fe deficiency, and that nramp3nramp4 mutant growth was severely affected under limiting Cu. By a transcriptomic analysis, we observed that NRAMP4 expression was highly induced in …

Temperature increases, hypoxia, and changes in food availability affect immunological biomarkers in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

2017

Temperature increases, hypoxia, and changes in food availability are predicted to occur in the future. There is growing concern for the health status of wild and farmed organisms, since environmental stressors alter organism functions, and elicit coordinated physiological responses for homeostasis. Mussels are good bioindicators of environmental conditions. Their ability to maintain unaltered immunosurveillance under adverse environmental conditions may enhance their survival capability. Few studies are currently concerned with the relationships and feedback among multiple stressors. Here, food concentration, temperature, and oxygenation treatments were evaluated for their effects on immune…