Search results for "iGen"

showing 10 items of 13400 documents

Why viruses sometimes disperse in groups?

2019

AbstractMany organisms disperse in groups, yet this process is understudied in viruses. Recent work, however, has uncovered different types of collective infectious units, all of which lead to the joint delivery of multiple viral genome copies to target cells, favoring co-infections. Collective spread of viruses can occur through widely different mechanisms, including virion aggregation driven by specific extracellular components, cloaking inside lipid vesicles, encasement in protein matrices, or binding to cell surfaces. Cell-to-cell viral spread, which allows the transmission of individual virions in a confined environment, is yet another mode of clustered virus dissemination. Nevertheles…

viruses[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]Viral transmissionReview ArticleBiologyGenomeMicrobiologyVirus03 medical and health sciencesMultiplicity of infectionviral spreadVirologydispersal030304 developmental biology0303 health sciencesTransmission (medicine)collective infectious unit030306 microbiologyviral transmissionMutation AccumulationGeographyEvolutionary biologyBiological dispersalmultiplicity of infectionViral spreadCorrigendumVirus Evolution
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Characterization of the autoantigen La (SS-B) as a dsRNA unwinding enzyme

1997

During the analysis of the La (SS-B) autoantigen for catalytic activities an ATP-dependent double-stranded RNA unwinding activity was detected. Both native and recombinant La proteins from different species displayed this activity, which could be inhibited by monospecific anti-La antibodies. La protein was able to melt dsRNA substrates with either two 3'-overhangs or a single 3'- and a 5'-overhang. Double-stranded RNAs with two 5'-overhangs were not unwound, indicating that at least one 3'-overhang is required for unwinding. Sequence elements of the La protein that might be involved in dsRNA unwinding, such as an evolutionarily conserved putative ATP-binding motif and an element that is hom…

virusesgenetic processesGene ExpressionRNA-binding proteinBiologyAutoantigensAntibodiesSubstrate SpecificitySingle-stranded binding proteinlaw.inventionMiceAdenosine TriphosphatelawGene expressionEscherichia coliGeneticsAnimalsHumansGeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.dictionariesencyclopediasglossaries)Cells CulturedRNA Double-StrandedRibonucleoproteinRNARNA NucleotidyltransferasesProtein kinase RMolecular biologyRecombinant ProteinsRatsenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)RNA silencingLiverRibonucleoproteinsbiology.proteinRecombinant DNAElectrophoresis Polyacrylamide GelRNA HelicasesResearch Article
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Clathrin- and Caveolin-Independent Entry of Human Papillomavirus Type 16—Involvement of Tetraspanin-Enriched Microdomains (TEMs)

2008

BACKGROUND: Infectious entry of human papillomaviruses into their host cells is an important step in the viral life cycle. For cell binding these viruses use proteoglycans as initial attachment sites. Subsequent transfer to a secondary receptor molecule seems to be involved in virus uptake. Depending on the papillomavirus subtype, it has been reported that entry occurs by clathrin- or caveolin-mediated mechanisms. Regarding human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), the primary etiologic agent for development of cervical cancer, clathrin-mediated endocytosis was described as infectious entry pathway. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using immunofluorescence and infection studies we show in contra…

viruseslcsh:MedicinePlatelet Membrane GlycoproteinsTetraspanin 24CaveolaeKidneyEndocytosisClathrinVirusCell LineMembrane MicrodomainsViral life cycleTetraspaninAntigens CDCaveolaeInfectious Diseases/Viral InfectionsCaveolinInfectious Diseases/Sexually Transmitted DiseasesHumanslcsh:ScienceHuman papillomavirus 16MultidisciplinarybiologyTetraspanin 30lcsh:RVirionMembrane Proteinsvirus diseasesCell BiologyVirus InternalizationVirology/Host Invasion and Cell EntryVirologyClathrinEndocytosisCell biologyCell culturebiology.proteinFemalelcsh:QMicrobiology/Cellular Microbiology and PathogenesisHeLa CellsResearch ArticlePLoS ONE
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Game-Theoretic Approach to Hölder Regularity for PDEs Involving Eigenvalues of the Hessian

2021

AbstractWe prove a local Hölder estimate for any exponent $0<\delta <\frac {1}{2}$ 0 < δ < 1 2 for solutions of the dynamic programming principle $$ \begin{array}{@{}rcl@{}} u^{\varepsilon} (x) = \sum\limits_{j=1}^{n} \alpha_{j} \underset{\dim(S)=j}{\inf} \underset{|v|=1}{\underset{v\in S}{\sup}} \frac{u^{\varepsilon} (x + \varepsilon v) + u^{\varepsilon} (x - \varepsilon v)}{2} \end{array} $$ u ε ( x ) = ∑ j = 1 n α j inf dim ( S ) = j sup v ∈ S | v | = 1 u ε ( x + ε v ) + u ε ( x − ε v ) 2 with α1,αn > 0 and α2,⋯ ,αn− 1 ≥ 0. The proof is based on a new coupling idea from game theory. As an application, we get the same regularity estimate for viscosity solutions of the PDE $…

viscosity solutionosittaisdifferentiaaliyhtälötMathematics::Functional AnalysisStatistics::Theory91A05 91A15 35D40 35B65Mathematics::Dynamical Systemsholder estimateMathematics::Analysis of PDEsmatemaattinen optimointifully nonlinear PDEsdynamic programming principleMathematics - Analysis of PDEsMathematics::ProbabilityFOS: Mathematicspeliteoriaeigenvalue of the HessianAnalysisAnalysis of PDEs (math.AP)estimointi
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AnatomySketch : An Extensible Open-Source Software Platform for Medical Image Analysis Algorithm Development

2021

AbstractThe development of medical image analysis algorithm is a complex process including the multiple sub-steps of model training, data visualization, human–computer interaction and graphical user interface (GUI) construction. To accelerate the development process, algorithm developers need a software tool to assist with all the sub-steps so that they can focus on the core function implementation. Especially, for the development of deep learning (DL) algorithms, a software tool supporting training data annotation and GUI construction is highly desired. In this work, we constructed AnatomySketch, an extensible open-source software platform with a friendly GUI and a flexible plugin interfac…

visualisointiihmisen ja tietokoneen vuorovaikutussyväoppiminenlääketiedetekoälyuser interactionimage annotationUser-Computer InterfaceArtificial Intelligencealgoritmitihminen-konejärjestelmätHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingRadiological and Ultrasound TechnologyAnatomySketchalgorithm developmenttietokoneohjelmatdeep learningMagnetic Resonance ImagingComputer Science Applicationskoneoppiminenkuva-analyysiohjelmointimedical image analysisSoftwareAlgorithms
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Le nymphai e l’acqua in Sicilia: contesti rituali e morfologia dei votivi

2012

L'articolo analizza la fenomenologia (contesti, votivi, iconografie) dei culti relativi all'acqua e al nymphai in Sicilia The paper analyzes the phenomenology (contexts, votives, iconographies) of the cults relating to water and nymphai in Sicily

water cults nymphs votives Agrigento rock sanctuary pre-wedding ritesculti acque ninfe votivi santuario rupestre Agrigento riti prenuzialiSettore L-ANT/07 - Archeologia Classica
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La sfida della rigenerazione dei waterfront di città medie per lo sviluppo urbano sostenibile: il caso studio di Catania

2021

Lo sviluppo futuro sostenibile del territorio europeo richiede una gestione del territorio più efficiente che interrompa l’avanzamento dell’attuale trend di crescita. Un'opportunità chiave per le città europee sta nella rigenerazione delle aree abbandonate o sottoutilizzate lungo il waterfront. Nelle città-porto medie e medio-piccole in Europa, infatti, la situazione è particolarmente complessa: la frammentarietà delle scelte di sviluppo, la presenza di autorità differenti non sempre coese, la bassa disponibilità di risorse e le condizioni di crisi possono rallentare, o rendere sfavorevole, le proposte di rigenerazione basate su modelli integrati di sviluppo città-porto (Carta & Ronsiva…

waterfront cities port cities urban regeneration medium-sized citieswaterfront città portuali rigenerazione urbana città medieSettore ICAR/21 - Urbanistica
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Due città, un porto, un unico waterfront

2011

Nel mosaico di culture del Mediterraneo (Matvejvich P., 2006), la regione costiera del fronte africano della Sicilia può recuperare una nuova centralità attraverso la riscoperta del milieu storico culturale e l’attivazione di quel milieu creativo (Carta M., 2008) capace di alimentare idee e progetti condivisi. Ripensare ad un unico waterfront della Valle dei Templi, patrimonio dell’Umanità, che parta da Porto Empedocle e giunga fino a San Leone (la borgata marinara di Agrigento), potrebbe rappresentare una preziosa occasione per rigenerare le aree di waterfront, affidando al porto di Porto Empedocle, e alla realtà urbana, un ruolo innovativo in simbiosi con la sua città-madre, Agrigento, re…

waterfront Agrigento Porto Empedocle identità Valle dei TempliSettore ICAR/21 - Urbanistica
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Waterfront e patrimonio militare: la base sottomarina di Saint-Nazaire

2012

Isolated from its harbour by the submarine base built during World War II, Saint-Nazaire has added to its development over the last two decades, without referring to major European models. An important arts and tourist center has been built around the port zone, close to the German submarine base. The converted military structure, which is situated in an impressive public space, has been endowed with a new sense of identity. It stands out as the main element in the urban regeneration process, focusing on the cultural and tourist character of the programme and aiming to reinforce the relationship between the city and its port.

waterfront Atlantic Wall infrastruttura militare rigenerazione Saint-Nazaire bunker U-boatSettore ICAR/14 - Composizione Architettonica E Urbana
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Il waterfront come propulsore per la rigenerazione del Centro Storico di Palermo

2011

Il processo di trasformazione che coinvolge la città di Palermo si snoda attraverso differenti strumenti che a diverse scale definiscono strategie e obiettivi mirati al recupero e alla definizione dei futuri della città in chiave innovativa. In quest’ottica i temi della rigenerazione del waterfront centrale e della creazione del “Distretto Culturale” emergono come elementi chiave del progetto di futuro capaci di fungere da propulsori per la costruzione di una nuova immagine della Città.

waterfront centro storico rigenerazione urbanaSettore ICAR/21 - Urbanistica
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