Search results for "ila"

Value of information in multiple criteria decision making: an application to forest conservation

2019

Abstract Developing environmental conservation plans involves assessing trade-offs between the benefits and costs of conservation. The benefits of conservation can be established with ecological inventories or estimated based on previously collected information. Conducting ecological inventories can be costly, and the additional information may not justify these costs. To clarify the value of these inventories, we investigate the multiple criteria value of information associated with the acquisition of improved ecological data. This information can be useful when informing the decision maker to acquire better information. We extend the concept of the value of information to a multiple crite…

Potential of using data assimilation to support forest planning

2017

Uncertainty in forest information typically results in economic and ecological losses as a consequence of suboptimal management decisions. Several techniques have been proposed to handle such uncertainties. However, these techniques are often complex and costly. Data assimilation (DA) has recently been advocated as a tool that may reduce the uncertainty, thereby improving the quality of forest planning results. It offers an opportunity to make use of all new sources of information in a systematic way and thus provides more accurate and up-to-date information to forest planning. In this study, we refer to literature on handling uncertainties in forest planning, as well as related literature…

Vertical sediment migrations of dominant midge species in subtropical lakes with implications for bioassessment

2018

Abstract Propsilocerus akamusi (Diptera: Chironomidae) is a dominant species in numerous eutrophic lakes and they could burrow into deep sediments (>30 cm) during summer months. However, common-used grab samplers are efficient in collecting surface-dwelling species (

Distance decay 2.0 – a global synthesis of taxonomic and functional turnover in ecological communities

2021

AbstractUnderstanding the variation in community composition and species abundances, i.e., β-diversity, is at the heart of community ecology. A common approach to examine β-diversity is to evaluate directional turnover in community composition by measuring the decay in the similarity among pairs of communities along spatial or environmental distances. We provide the first global synthesis of taxonomic and functional distance decay along spatial and environmental distance by analysing 149 datasets comprising different types of organisms and environments. We modelled an exponential distance decay for each dataset using generalized linear models and extracted r2 and slope to analyse the streng…

Overcompensation as a mechanism for maintaining polymorphism: egg-to-adult viability in Drosophila.

1990

Frequency-dependent selection may be accounted for, in ecological terms, by the differential effectiveness of alternative genotypes in exploiting limiting environmental resources. Differentiation in resource exploitation among genotypes implies in turn that a mix of genotypes may exploit more fully the resources than a genetically uniform population, a phenomenon called 'overcompensation' Experiments designed to test for overcompensation whow that highly polymorphic populations can support larger numbers of individuals per food unit than less polymorphic populations. This difference cannot be attributed to the level of individual heterozygosity, which is the same in both types of population…

2006

Aphids are the leading pests in agricultural crops. A large-scale sequencing of 40,904 ESTs from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum was carried out to define a catalog of 12,082 unique transcripts. A strong AT bias was found, indicating a compositional shift between Drosophila melanogaster and A. pisum. An in silico profiling analysis characterized 135 transcripts specific to pea-aphid tissues (relating to bacteriocytes and parthenogenetic embryos). This project is the first to address the genetics of the Hemiptera and of a hemimetabolous insect.

The genetic basis of balanced polymorphism in Philaenus (Homoptera)

2009

In Philaenus spumarius (Homoptera), colour polymorphism is mainly determined by a series of allelic genes. The dominance and co-dominance relationships of the following seven alleles were analysed: T (trilineatus), M (marginellus), F (flavicollis-F), L (lateralis), C (flavicollis-C, gibbus and leucocephalus), O (quadrimaculatus, albomaculatus and leucophthalmus) and t (typicus). The colour phenotypes are indicated in brackets. On the basis of partly direct and partly indirect evidence, T was found to be the top dominant and t the bottom recessive allele in the female sex. In the males, T is also the top dominant, but t comes second in the hierarchy. Conclusive evidence of the dominance of T…

Gentics of hilanenus colour polymorphism: the 28 genotypes.

2009

The discovery, distribution and diversity of DNA viruses associated withDrosophila melanogasterin Europe

2020

AbstractDrosophila melanogasteris an important model for antiviral immunity in arthropods, but very few DNA viruses have been described from the family Drosophilidae. This deficiency limits our opportunity to use natural host-pathogen combinations in experimental studies, and may bias our understanding of theDrosophilavirome. Here we report fourteen DNA viruses detected in a metagenomic analysis of approximately 6500 pool-sequencedDrosophila, sampled from 47 European locations between 2014 and 2016. These include three new Nudiviruses, a new and divergent Entomopox virus, a virus related toLeptopilina boulardifilamentous virus, and a virus related toMusca domesticasalivary gland hypertrophy…

Neighbouring plants and perception of predation risk modulate winter browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

2018

The presence of neighbouring plants and predation risk can affect trophic interactions between plants and herbivores. We hypothesized that the relative preference for neighbouring species would determine winter herbivory and that predation risk would modulate browsing pressure. We tested these hypotheses using feeding trials in two regions with high white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) densities: Outaouais and Anticosti Island (Quebec, Canada). In each, we selected a species of interest and compared browsing rates and time spent foraging with neighbours relatively preferred or avoided. In a subexperiment, we included coyote (Canis latrans Say, 1823) urine to test f…