Search results for "imulation"

Contralateral potentials in the suprasylvian gyrus evoked by pulvinar stimulation.

1974

AbstractIn encephale isole cats the transmission of the bioelectrical activity in the suprasylvian gyrus, evoked by contralateral pulvinar stimulation was explored. Through the excitability increase and decrease of the pulvinar (by strychnine or KCl, respectively), the surgical removal of the ipsilateral suprasylvian gyrus and the electrocoagulation of the posterior commissure it appeared that the transmission of the activity in the suprasylvian gyrus evoked by contralateral pulvinar stimulation occurs through both the callosal and the interthalamic pathway.

Relationship between the caudate nucleus and the dorsal hippocampus, in the cat.

1972

The role of the claustrum in the bilateral control of frontal oculomotor neurons in the cat.

1991

The effect of claustrum (CL) stimulation on the spontaneous unitary activity of ipsi and contralateral frontal oculomotor neurons, was studied in chloralose-anaesthetized cats. A total of 205 units was bilaterally recorded in the medial oculomotor area, homologous of the primate "frontal eye fields"; 127 neurons were identified as projecting to the superior colliculus; for 33 of these last units stimulation of the ipsilateral CL provoked an excitatory effect lasting 10-25 ms and appearing with a latency of 5-15 ms; on 8 units the excitatory effect was followed by an inhibition lasting 100-250 ms. Ninety-eight of the 127 neurons were also tested through activation of the contralateral CL: 13…

The course of corticofacial projections in the human brainstem.

2001

Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to investigate the corticofacial projections in 53 patients with (n = 28) and without (n = 25) central facial paresis due to unifocal ischaemic lesions at different brainstem levels. Lesion topography documented by MRI studies was correlated with the electrophysiological findings. In the majority of patients the corticofacial fibres travel within the ventromedial base of the pons and cross the midline at the level of the facial nucleus. In some individuals, however, we found evidence that corticolingual fibres form an 'aberrant bundle' in a paralemniscal position at the dorsal edge of the pontine base. In other patients the corticofacial fibres loo…

Making Waves: Initiation and Propagation of Corticothalamic Ca2+ Waves In Vivo

2013

Corticothalamic slow oscillations of neuronal activity determine internal brain states. At least in the cortex, the electrical activity is associated with large neuronal Ca(2+) transients. Here we implemented an optogenetic approach to explore causal features of the generation of slow oscillation-associated Ca(2+) waves in the in vivo mouse brain. We demonstrate that brief optogenetic stimulation (3-20 ms) of a local group of layer 5 cortical neurons is sufficient for the induction of global brain Ca(2+) waves. These Ca(2+) waves are evoked in an all-or-none manner, exhibit refractoriness during repetitive stimulation, and propagate over long distances. By local optogenetic stimulation, we …

Rethinking physical and rehabilitation medicine: new technologies induce new learning strategies

2010

International audience; Reeducation consists in training people injured by either illness or the vagaries of life to achieve the best fundionality now possible for them. Strangely, the subject is not taught in the normal educational curricula of the relevant professions. Reeducation thus tends to be developed anew with each patient, without recourse to knowledge of what such training, or assistance in such training, might be. However, new paradigms of reeducation are in fact possible today, thanks to advances in cognitive science and the development of new technologies such as virtual reality and robotics. In turn, they lead to the rethinking of the procedures of physical medicine, as well …

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined With Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

2015

Abstract Background Further evidence suggests that repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective method to reduce tobacco craving among smokers. Hypothesis As relapse is common within a few days after smoking cessation, we hypothesized that combining the anti-craving effects of rTMS with Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to attenuate withdrawal symptoms could increase abstinence rates in smokers with severe nicotine dependence who quit smoking. Methods Thirty-seven smokers who failed to quit with the usual treatments were randomly assigned to two treatment groups to receive either active ( n  = 18) or sham ( n  = 19) 1-Hz rTMS of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cort…

A Simulation Model of a Tandem Coordinated Supply Chain

2010

This paper presents a study of a coordinated production inventory-system. In the proposed model, any echelon considers its successors as part of its inventory system and generates the replenishment order on the basis of operational information of its partners. We show that the coordinated decision making allows elimination of information distortion along the chain. Furthermore, we show how the bottom-up transmission of inefficiencies, typical of traditional supply chains, is avoided.

Comparative computational analysis of different active site conformations and substrates in a chalcone isomerase catalyzed reaction.

2006

Chalcone isomerase catalyzes the transformation of chalcones to flavanones. We present a computational study of the rate-limiting chemical step, an intramolecular Michael addition of a 2'-oxyanion to the alpha,beta-double bound. By using quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical hybrid methods we traced the free-energy profiles associated with the reaction of two different substrates (chalcone and 6'-deoxychalcone) in two different conformations of the active site that are described in the different crystallographic structures available. We have obtained significant differences (about 4 kcal/mol) in the free-energy barriers calculated for the two active sites. According to our results, the ac…

Climate change impacts on phytosanitary risk evolution in north-eastern France vineyards : observations and modeling : The case of powdery mildew

2021

From now on, agriculture must adapt and anticipate climate change, whose impact has already been observed on the biology of crops and their production. Beyond plants, this climate change also impacts pathogen development and therefore host/pathogen interactions. Thus, building adaptation strategies requires considering not only the crops but also the organisms with which they interact.The objective of this thesis is to characterize the impact of climate change on the phytosanitary risk related to grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) in the wine regions of Burgundy and Champagne. More particularly, it questions two central aspects related to the epidemic risk: the grapevine sensitive …