Search results for "incentive"
showing 10 items of 297 documents
Barriers and incentives for Italian paediatricians to become smoking cessation promoters: a GARD-Italy Demonstration Project
2020
Background: Paediatricians rarely devote any time to screening and treatment for parental tobacco use. The present project is part of a Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD)-Italy Demonstration Project, aimed to increase the skills of primary care physicians and paediatricians as "promoter of smoking cessation". The aims of this study were: (I) to identify latent classes of barriers and incentives for smoking cessation counseling among paediatricians using latent class analysis (LCA); (II) to investigate risk factors for inclusion into the identified classes. Methods: In 2018, 1,500 Italian paediatricians were invited to complete an online survey on passive smoke expos…
Why Do U.S.-Listed Chinese Firms Go Private?
2012
The period 2010-2012 saw a dramatic increase in the number of Chinese firms listed in the United States announcing deals to delist and go private. We argue that accounting scandals and legal uncertainties involving Chinese firms in recent years may have caused outside investors to struggle to distinguish between legitimate and fraudulent firms. As a result some legitimate Chinese companies may have become undervalued, which arguably has given them a heightened incentive to go private. We examine all the companies that announced going-private deals during this period and find evidence that firms that go private tend to do so after a prolonged period of negative excess stock returns relative …
Understanding Civic Engagement on Social Media Based on Users’ Motivation to Contribute
2021
Social media offer various opportunities for civic engagement by, e.g., liking, sharing, or posting relevant content. Users’ motivation to contribute to relevant topics is quite divers and can stem from an intrinsic motivation to do good or external incentives such as being recognised and rewarded by other users. In our study, we adopt self-determination theory, which defines motivation as broad continuum ranging from intrinsic motivation to external regulation. We conducted a quantitative survey with 667 Facebook users to identify how the different kinds of motivation impact the users’ behaviour in terms of reading, liking, sharing, commenting, and posting topics relevant to civic engageme…
Le marché du travail des scientifiques : capital humain, incitations, proximité
2011
The aim of that thesis is to bring a micro level contribution to the economics of innovation when using original datasets on the French case. Here the manuscript is structured in three chapters: the labour market of scientists and engineers, the incentives for innovation in the private sector and the existence of spatial spillovers in the school to work transition for graduates in science and engineering (S & I). In the first chapter of this thesis, we focus on the labour market for scientists and engineers. First, we identify the different characteristics of this labour market. We then analyze the determinants of access to R & D for young graduates in S & I. Finally, we question more broad…
Insurance mechanisms for tropical cyclones and droughts in Pacific Small Island Developing States
2016
One group of locations significantly affected by climate-related losses and damage is the Small Island Developing States (SIDS). One mechanism aiming to reduce such adverse impacts is insurance, with a wide variety of products and models available. Insurance for climate-related hazards affecting Pacific SIDS has not been investigated in detail. This article contributes to filling this gap by exploring how insurance mechanisms might be implemented in the Pacific SIDS for tropical cyclones and droughts. The study examines opportunities and constraints or limitations of some existing insurance mechanisms and programmes as applied to the Pacific SIDS. Eight insurance mechanisms are compared and…
Online pricing for demand-side management in a low-voltage resistive micro-grid via a Stackelberg game with incentive strategies
2022
It has been demonstrated that online pricing mechanisms are a viable solution for demand side management in power systems. This study deals with the analysis and design of a droop-controlled low-voltage resistive AC micro-grid network system. Such a system is subjected to a dynamic demand obtained from an online pricing mechanism, which is proposed as a novelty in the study of micro-grids. This mechanism is derived from a variation of the Stackelberg game, which includes the use of incentive strategies. First, a configuration in which a supplier announces an incentive function and (Formula presented.) -consumers’ reaction to the resulting personalised price is presented. Then, a detailed st…
DECENTRALISATION AS AN INCENTIVE SCHEME
1987
Recent changes have introduced more decentralization in a number of traditionally centralized countries.1 In the case of France, it is sometimes claimed that the 1982-1983 reform of subcentral government is of historical importance. Although the principles of that reform are not contested any more by the new majority elected in 1986, opinions still differ on a number of policy issues. Some of the issues are presented in this introductory section. But the main purpose of this paper is not to expose or discuss in detail the problems of decentralization in France. As argued in the second part of the introductory section, the theoretical framework in which the policy issues of decentralization …
Resource Allocation for Edge Computing-Based Blockchain: A Game Theoretic Approach
2020
Blockchain has been progressively applied to various Internet of Things (IoT) platforms. As the efficiency of the blockchain depends on its computing capability, how to make sure the acquisition of the computational resources and participation of the devices would be the driving force. In this work, an edge computing-based blockchain network is considered, where the edge service provider (ESP) offers computational resources for the miners. The focus is to investigate an efficient incentive mechanism for the miners to purchase the computational resources. Accordingly, a two-stage Stackelberg game is formulated between the miners and ESP. By exploring the Stackelberg equilibrium of the optima…
Do Children Cooperate Conditionally? Adapting the Strategy Method for First-Graders
2018
We develop a public goods game (PGG) to measure cooperation and conditional cooperation in young children. Our design addresses several obstacles in adapting simultaneous and sequential PGGs to children who are not yet able to read or write, do not possess advanced abilities to calculate payoffs, and only have a very limited attention span at their disposal. It features the combination of haptic offline explanation, fully standardized audiovisual instructions, computerized choices based on touch-screens, and a suitable incentive scheme. Applying our experimental protocol to a sample of German first-graders, we find that already 6-year-olds cooperate conditionally and that the relative frequ…
Dynamic Risk Taking with Bonus Schemes
2014
This paper studies dynamic risk taking by a risk-averse manager who receives a bonus; the company may default on its contractual obligations (debt and fixed compensation). We show that risk taking is time independent, and is summarized by the so-called risk aversion of derived utility. We highlight the importance of dynamic aspects and provide a foundation for common qualitative discussions that are based on characteristics of bonus functions. The paper cautions that deferral of fixed compensation may increase risk taking. Finally, we motivate a new bonus scheme that incentivizes the manager to implement the socially optimal risk level.