Search results for "individualism."

Analysis of the Standard Definition of Cosmopolitanism

2021

This chapter investigates the traditional definition of cosmopolitanism which understands cosmopolitanism as moral egalitarianism. It sets out in detail how the three core elements (individualism, universality, and generality) allow so much room for interpretation that the definition hardly provides any information on what moral egalitarianism means. It confirms that cosmopolitanism as moral egalitarianism includes almost all theories of global justice, even such that are commonly seen as opposing positions.

Globalisation: From Chrematistic Rest to Humanist Wakefulness

2012

Chapter 1 analyses the epistemological, anthropological and ethical aspects of globalisation and, as a result of the 2008 crisis, the urgency for a change of paradigm. The proposal involves overcoming the decadent post-modernity that characterises post-structuralism – which abandons itself to the principle of pleasure, thus stimulating debt and speculation – by means of a humanist post-modernity based upon the following principles: in the epistemological field, the recuperation of reality in the face of the game (including the stock markets) and, therefore, the subordination of finances to productive economy; in the anthropological sphere, the recognition of the Golden rule in the face of i…

Desarrolo, cultura e identidad en América Latina

2008

The author understands culture as more than a result of economic development; he argues that development, itself, is both a fact and a cultural product, based on his wide range concept of culture. According to the text, approaches willing to reduce definitions of development to its economic, social, or any other restrict aspect, only misunderstand the real concept and engender serious mistakes on Government’s action. Moreover, the text states that far from population explosion and absence of resources, problems of social injustice, poverty, social exclusion, disrespect of human rights and aggressions on the environment are basically consequences of the absence of universal ethical values, w…

Cosmopolitanism About Culture: Specifying Individualism

2021

Still drawing on the classical distinction between moderate and extreme cosmopolitanism, this chapter analyses different specifications of the individualism element providing different answers to what it means to respect individuals as moral equals. The analysis eventually presents eight types of specification but rejects all of them as either still too broad or untenable. Only a hybrid type, which is composed of assumptions of different specification types, appears more promising. This defines the new concept of cosmopolitanism: cosmopolitanism as nonrelationism.

Amorality, Immorality and Individualism in Hanif Kureishi’s Intimacy

2019

Abstract Hanif Kureishi, an acclaimed contemporary British writer of Pakistani origin, is known to the Romanian reading public primarily through the translations (under the aegis of the Humanitas publishing house) of his novels Intimacy, The Buddha of Suburbia, The Nothing, Gabriel’s Gift and Something to Tell You. One of the foremost representatives of British postcolonial literature, Kureishi masterfully, and at times shockingly, explores the postmodern urban world of human desolation, loneliness and alienation, with the surgical precision and mercilessness of a “terrorist”, as he himself describes the writer and his artistic mission in an interview. Intimacy, in a classic Proustian or Jo…

A J-MADeM Agent-Based Social Simulation to Model Urban Mobility

2011

The mobility models followed within metropolitan areas, mainly based on the massive use of the car instead of the public transportation, will soon become unsustainable unless there is a change of citizens’ minds and transport policies. The main challenge related to urban mobility is that of getting free-flowing greener cities, which are provided with a smarter and accessible urban transport system. In this paper, we present an agent-based social simulation approach to tackle this kind of social-ecological systems. The Jason Multi-modal Agent Decision Making (JMADeM) library enable us to model and implement the social decisions made by each habitant about how to get to work every day, e.g., …

Exploring the Relationship Between Teacher Confirmation and Student Motivation: The United States and Finland

2021

Teacher communication behaviors have enormous impacts on students’ learning processes and thus have attracted extensive scholarly attention (Mazer, 2013). Teacher confirmation is the process through which teachers communicate to students that they are endorsed, recognized, and acknowledged as valuable individuals (Ellis, 2000). In primarily US-based research, teacher confirmation has been linked to a variety of effective pedagogical practices, student motivation, and emotional outcomes (Ellis, 2004). As McCroskey and McCroskey (2006) stated, it is not likely that instructional practices in other instructional cultures are always as effective as they are in the United States. To understand t…

Carta de José Vidal-Beneyto a Foro Attac (Sevilla, 2009)

2009

I luoghi dove realizzare il “nuovo individualismo” di John Dewey: il ruolo del metodo scientifico e della pratica educativa del riconoscimento

2021

This contribution aims to reflect on the concept of individualism as presented by John Dewey who used this word to indicate the unique and unrepeatable part of man, differentiating the “old individualism” from the “new individualism”. Taking into consideration the Deweyan theories of the first half of the twentieth century, with particular reference to the 1930 writing The Individualism Old and New, it is noted that Dewey criticized the existence of an “old individualism” intended as an emblem of egocentrism and of asociality, the causes of which were traceable to the advent of industrialization, social stratification and capitalism. According to him, these were people without a solid ident…

The race to educational reform in the USA: the race to the top

2011

From the cognitive perspective of embodiment and relying mostly on the powerful and revealing tool of metaphor, we approach the issue of education in the Obama administration's discourse trying to unveil the ideological preferences hidden behind the use of the different metaphors. It is assumed that this body of metaphors will contribute to the political and cultural understanding of such strategic issue to a nation. The analysis of speeches on education by leading figures plus the media reflection of educational problems (Washington Post) will let us see from a close distance how education is talked about. After the analysis of the four metaphors, it will be seen that traditional values su…