Search results for "individuality"
showing 10 items of 58 documents
Psychometric properties of non-specific electrodermal response frequency for a sample of male students.
1990
In the present study data on the frequency of non-specific electrodermal responses (NSRs) are presented for a large and, with regard to sex, age and educational level, homogeneous sample of male students (n = 590). These data were obtained in 9 independent experiments in which NSRs were recorded under equivalent conditions. NSRs were scored as skin conductance changes greater than 0.02 muSiemens. A recording period of 5 min prior to experimental manipulations was chosen. A systematic comparison between the 9 studies, the distribution of NSRs for the total sample, as well as descriptive data for stabile and labile subgroups are presented. For 213 subjects NSR-frequency was recorded twice, wi…
Night-rest urinary catecholamine excretion in relation to aspects of free time, work and background data in a teacher group
1991
Free time, work and background data were related to night-rest catecholamine excretion rates in a teacher group (n = 137) during an autumn term. The explained interindividual variance increased slightly towards the end of the term. Adrenaline excretion was predicted better than noradrenaline, notedly by coffee consumption, amount of physical activity, and subjective stress feelings which explained 16% of the variance in adrenaline excretion during night rest. However, the results indicated that the differences in catecholamine excretion during night rest remained mostly unpredictable.
Individualizing Standardized Tests
2013
Author's version of an article in the journal: Qualitative Health Research. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732313499073 In assessing geriatric patients' functional status, health care professionals use a number of standardized tests. These tests have defined administration procedures that restrict communication and interaction with patients. In this article, we explore the experiences of occupational therapists and physiotherapists acting as standardized test administrators. Drawing on fieldwork, interviews with physiotherapists and occupational therapists, and observations of test situations on acute geriatric wards, we suggest that the test situation g…
Main posterior watershed zone of the choroid
1989
The main posterior watershed zone of the choroid is located between the nasal edge of the optic disc and the fovea and represents the area situated between the territories supplied by the temporal and nasal posterior ciliary arteries. In the fluorescein angiographies of 800 normal subjects a watershed zone was not observed in 33.1% due to technical reasons and in 22.3% due to the simultaneous filling of the peripapillar and macular choriocapillaris. In the remaining 44.6% the watershed zone was well outlined: it was straddling the optic disc in about half of these cases and involved the temporal half of the optic disc and the close choroid in the other half. Very rarely the watershed zone i…
Genetic and environmental influences on hearing in older women.
2007
Background. This study examined the relative contribution of genetic and environmental effects on the air-conducted hearing threshold level (0.5‐4 kHz) and speech recognition threshold level of the better ear as well as self-reported hearing in older women. Methods. Hearing was measured as a part of the Finnish Twin Study on Aging in 103 monozygotic (MZ) and 114 dizygotic (DZ) female twin pairs aged 63‐76 years. Audiometric measured hearing was tested using standardized methods in soundproof conditions. Self-reported hearing was assessed by a structured question. Quantitative genetic modeling was used for data analyses. Results. No significant differences in age, exposure to noise, hearing-…
Contribution of genetic and environmental factors to individual differences in maximal walking speed with and without second task in older women
2005
Background. Among older people, distraction while walking may increase the risk of falls. Factors underlying individual differences in dual tasking are not fully understood. Our aim was to study the effect of a second task on maximal walking speed and to examine whether individual differences in walking speed measured with and without a second task are accounted for by genetic and environmental influences shared across tasks or specific to each task. Methods. The data were collected from the 101 monozygotic and 116 dizygotic twin pairs aged 63–76 years recruited from the Finnish Twin Cohort. Maximal walking speed (MWS) over 10 m was measured on a laboratory corridor and timed with photocell…
Great Minds Think Alike? Spatial Search Processes Can Be More Idiosyncratic When Guided by More Accurate Information.
2022
Existing research demonstrates that pre-decisional information sampling strategies are often stablewithin a given person while varying greatly across people. However, it remains largely unknown whatdrives these individual differences, that is, why in some circumstances we collect information moreidiosyncratically. In this brief report, we present a pre-registered online study of spatial search. Usinga novel technique that combines machine-learning dimension reduction and sequence alignment algo-rithms, we quantify the extent to which the shape and temporal properties of a search trajectory areidiosyncratic. We show that this metric increases (trajectories become more idiosyncratic) when a p…
Beyond the eidetics of living beings: contingency, plasticity, individuality
2021
Saving living phenomena means saving their contingency, their plasticity, their individuality. A fruitful dialogue between metaphysics, phenomenology and morphology can be of help to investigate the ontological question of form, giving us the possibility to investigate the question of form and its epistemological significance providing a revision of that eidetic approach which instead is in danger of losing the sense of the continuous plastic morphogenesis of living beings.
Investigating individual stress reactivity: High hair cortisol predicts lower acute stress responses
2020
Identifying individual differences in stress reactivity is of particular interest in the context of stress-related disorders and resilience. Previous studies already identified several factors mediating the individual stress response of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). However, the impact of long-term HPA axis activity on acute stress reactivity remains inconclusive. To investigate associations between long-term HPA axis variation and individual acute stress reactivity, we tested 40 healthy volunteers for affective, endocrine, physiological, and neural reactions to a modified, compact version of the established in-MR stress paradigm ScanSTRESS (ScanSTRESS-C). Hair cortisol con…
Linking personality and brain anatomy: a structural MRI approach to reinforcement sensitivity theory
2019
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) proposes a widely used taxonomy of human personality linked to individual differences at both behavioral and neuropsychological levels that describe a predisposition to psychopathology. However, the body of RST research was based on animal findings, and little is known about their anatomical correspondence in humans. Here we set out to investigate MRI structural correlates (i.e. voxel-based morphometry) of the main personality dimensions proposed by the RST in a group of 400 healthy young adults who completed the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). Sensitivity to punishment scores correlated positively with the gr…