Search results for "inflammation"
showing 10 items of 2662 documents
Effect of some hexahydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidines in inflammatory responses involving leucocytes and macrophages.
2001
Abstract We have studied the effects of some hexahydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidine derivatives (HIPs) on leucocyte functions in-vitro and we have assayed the anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds in two models of inflammation. All HIPs inhibited the human neutrophil degranulation process and superoxide generation at concentrations in the μM range. In mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, HIP-4 and HIP-5 inhibited nitrite production without affecting prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) accumulation. HIP-4 was also active in the zymosan-injected mouse air pouch model (at 100 nmol/pouch), with significant reductions in leucocyte migration and PGE2 and leukotriene B4 levels i…
An anti-inflammatory ditriazine inhibiting leukocyte functions and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2.
2000
A ditriazine derivative (4,10-dichloropyrido[5,6:4,5]thieno[3,2-d':3, 2-d]-1,2,3-ditriazine (DTD)) inhibited neutrophil functions, including degranulation, superoxide generation, and leukotriene B(4) production, without any effect on 5-lipoxygenase activity. This compound reduced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) production in mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, whereas no influence on the activity of inducible NO synthase, cyclo-oxygenase-2 or cyclo-oxygenase-1 was observed. DTD significantly reduced mouse paw oedema induced by carrageenan and also markedly reduced NO and prostaglandin E(2) levels in exudates from 24-h zymosan-stimulated mouse air pouch.…
Gram-positive bacteria on grass pollen exhibit adjuvant activity inducing inflammatory T cell responses.
2011
BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been established that pollen grains contain Th2-enhancing activities besides allergens. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse whether pollen carry additional adjuvant factors like microbes and what immunological effects they may exert. METHODS: Timothy pollen grains were collected and disseminated on agar plates, and the growing microorganisms were cultivated and defined. Furthermore, the immunologic effects of microbial products on DC and T cell responses were analysed. RESULTS: A complex mixture of bacteria and moulds was detected on grass pollen. Besides Gram-negative bacteria that are known to favour Th1-directed immune responses, moulds were ident…
Identification of CPE and GAIT elements in 3’UTR of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) involved in inflammatory response induced by LPS in …
2018
Innate immune responses face infectious microorganisms by inducing inflammatory responses. Multiple genes within distinct functional categories are coordinately and temporally regulated by transcriptional 'on' and 'off' switches that account for the specificity of gene expression in response to external stimuli. Mechanisms that control transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation are important in coordinating the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important cytokine that, in Ciona robusta, is related to inflammatory response. It is well known that in C. robusta, formerly known as Ciona intestinalis, the pharynx is involved in…
Neuroendocrine Modulation of IL-27 in Macrophages
2017
Abstract Heterodimeric IL-27 (p28/EBV-induced gene 3) is an important member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine family. IL-27 is predominantly synthesized by mononuclear phagocytes and exerts immunoregulatory functional activities on lymphocytic and nonlymphocytic cells during infection, autoimmunity or neoplasms. There is a great body of evidence on the bidirectional interplay between the autonomic nervous system and immune responses during inflammatory disorders, but so far IL-27 has not been defined as a part of these multifaceted neuroendocrine networks. In this study, we describe the role of catecholamines (as mediators of the sympathetic nervous system) related to IL-27 production in primary …
Evolutionary and transcriptional analyses of a pentraxin-like component family involved in the LPS inflammatory response of Ciona robusta
2020
Pentraxins (PTXs) are a superfamily of conserved proteins which are components of the humoral arm of innate immunity. They are considered to be functional ancestors of antibodies and are classified into short and long types. In this study, we show that a pentraxin-like component (Ptx-like) with a C-terminal PTX domain, highly homologous to the short PTX of H. sapiens CRP, and a long N-terminal domain typical of long PTXs, is involved in the inflammatory response of Ciona robusta under LPS exposure in vivo. Analyses of protein domains as well as 3D modelling and phylogenetic tree supported the close relationship of Ptx-like with mammalian CRP, suggesting that C. robusta Ptx-like shares a com…
Targeted fibre-optical intrabronchial lipopolysaccharide administration in pigs – a methodical refinement for improved accuracy in respiratory resear…
2019
To establish and evaluate a standardized method of targeted, intrabronchial drug delivery in pigs.Randomized controlled trial.A total of 16 German Landrace pigs (Sus scrofa), age range 12‒16 weeks, and weighing 28‒35 kg.The animals were anaesthetized, intubated, and instrumented with extended cardiovascular monitoring. Lung injury was induced by administering via a flexible fibre-optic endoscope using 100 mL saline solution containing either 20 mg of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (E. coli LPS) (n = 8) or no additive (sham, n = 8) into the two distal mainstem bronchi. The animals were monitored for 8 hours and arterial oxygenation, inspiratory pressure and arterial blood pressure were …
Upregulated transcription of phenoloxidase genes in the pharynx and endostyle of Ciona intestinalis in response to LPS
2015
We investigated the role of phenoloxidases (POs) in ascidians inflammatory reaction, a components of a copper-containing protein family involved in invertebrate immune system. In Ciona intestinalis two phenoloxidases (CinPO-1, CinPO-2) have been sequenced. In the present study, real time PCR analysis showed that both CinPO-1 and CinPO-2 genes were modulated by LPS inoculation suggesting that they are inducible and highly expressed in the inflamed pharynx. In situ hybridization disclosed CinPO-1 and CinPO-2 transcripts in pharynx hemocytes (granulocytes) and, mainly, in unilocular refractile granulocytes (URG) which mainly populated the inflamed tunic matrix. Interestingly, the genes are als…
Modulation of protein tyrosine nitration and inflammatory mediators by isoprenylhydroquinone glucoside.
2007
The nitration of tyrosine caused by peroxynitrite and other reactive nitrogen species is clearly detrimental for some physiological processes; however, its signalling role is still open to controversy. Among the natural phenolics known for their ability to oppose free tyrosine nitration, isoprenylhydroquinone glucoside is investigated due to its unusual structure, which contains a simple hydroxybenzene alkylated by a hemiterpenoid moiety. This hydroquinone was shown to be an effective inhibitor of peroxynitrite-induced protein tyrosine nitration in 3T3 fibroblasts. When tested on bovine seroalbumin nitration, however, the potency was reduced by half and the effect was almost abolished in th…
Ciona intestinalis interleukin 17-like genes expression is upregulated by LPS challenge
2015
In humans, IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the clearance of extracellular bacteria promoting cell infiltration and production of several cytokines and chemokines. Here, we report on three Ciona intestinalis IL-17 homologues (CiIL17-1, CiIL17-2, CiIL17-3). The gene organisation, phylogenetic tree and modelling supported the close relationship with the mammalian IL-17A and IL-17F suggesting that the C. intestinalis IL-17 genes share a common ancestor in the chordate lineages. Real time PCR analysis showed a prompt expression induced by LPS inoculation suggesting that they are involved in the first phase of inflammatory response. In situ hybridization assays disclo…