Search results for "inflammation"
showing 10 items of 2662 documents
New insight into the inhibition of the inflammatory response to experimental delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in mice by scropolioside A.
2006
Scropolioside A, an iridoid isolated from Scrophularia auriculata ssp. pseudoauriculata, showed anti-inflammatory properties against different experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity. This iridoid reduced the oedema induced by oxazolone by 79% (72 h) at 0.5 mg/ear while reducing that induced by sheep red blood cells by 47% (18 h), 45% (24 h) and 36% (48 h) at 10 mg/kg. In vivo it reduced both oedema formation and cell infiltration whereas in vitro it reduced the proliferation of activated T-lymphocytes (IC50 of 67.74 microM). Treatment with scropolioside A (100 microM) 18 and 24 h after phytohemagglutinin stimulation increased the number of cells arrested in the subG(0) phase w…
A role for Toll-like receptor mediated signals in neutrophils in the pathogenesis of the anti-phospholipid syndrome.
2012
The anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by recurrent thrombosis and occurrence of anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL). aPL are necessary, but not sufficient for the clinical manifestations of APS. Growing evidence suggests a role of innate immune cells, in particular polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and Toll-like receptors (TLR) to be additionally involved. aPL activate endothelial cells and monocytes through a TLR4-dependent signalling pathway. Whether this is also relevant for PMN in a similar way is currently not known. To address this issue, we used purified PMN from healthy donors and stimulated them in the presence or absence of human monoclonal aPL and the TLR4 agonis…
Tolerance and M2 (alternative) macrophage polarization are related processes orchestrated by p50 nuclear factor κB
2009
Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage play a central role in the orchestration and resolution of inflammation. Plasticity is a hallmark of mononuclear phagocytes, and in response to environmental signals these cells undergo different forms of polarized activation, the extremes of which are called classic or M1 and alternative or M2. NF-kappaB is a key regulator of inflammation and resolution, and its activation is subject to multiple levels of regulation, including inhibitory, which finely tune macrophage functions. Here we identify the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB as a key regulator of M2-driven inflammatory reactions in vitro and in vivo. p50 NF-kappaB inhibits NF-kappaB-driven, M1-polariz…
LTB4 is present in exudative pleural effusions and contributes actively to neutrophil recruitment in the inflamed pleural space
2004
SUMMARY The pleural space is a virtual compartment between the lung and chest wall that becomes filled with fluid and inflammatory cells during a variety of respiratory diseases. Here, we study the potential role of the eicosanoid metabolite leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in disparate diseases leading to acute (pneumonia) or chronic (tuberculosis, cancer) inflammation of the pleural space. LTB4 concentrations were significantly higher in pleural fluid due to pneumonia, tuberculosis and cancer with respect to congestive heart failure and correlated with neutrophil elastase, which is used as an indication of state of activation of neutrophils in the pleural space. Moreover, pleural LTB4 was biological…
Effect of Pro-inflammatory Stimuli on Tumor Cell-Mediated Induction of Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules in Vitro
2002
The object of our study was the question about the relevance of the tumor surrounding inflammatory cells with respect to the metastatic potential of the tumor cells. To imitate the role of inflammatory cells, three colon carcinoma (HT-29, HRT-18, and SW-620), one breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and one melanoma (ST-ML-12) cell lines were treated with pro-inflammatory stimuli, LPS, TNF-alpha, or IL-1beta. HUVEC monolayers were then stimulated by the collected supernatants (SN) of the tumor cells, following washing out of the applied stimuli. Analysis of CAM expression on HUVEC was performed using cell enzyme immunoassay. E-selectin, VCAM-1, and, in part, ICAM-1 were significantly up-regulated on H…
Inflamed adult pharynx tissues and swimming larva of Ciona intestinalis share CiTNFalpha-producing cells.
2010
In situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry analyses have shown that the Ciona intestinalis tumour necrosis factor alpha gene (CiTNFalpha), which has been previously cloned and sequenced, is expressed either during the inflammatory pharynx response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or during the swimming larval phase of development. Granulocytes with large granules and compartment/morula cells are CiTNFalpha-producing cells in both inflamed pharynx and larvae. Pharynx vessel endothelium also takes part in the inflammatory response. Haemocyte nodules in the vessel lumen or associated with the endothelium suggest the involvement of CiTNFalpha in recruiting lymphocyte-like cells and promoting the…
LPS challenge regulates gene expression and tissue localization of a Ciona intestinalis gene through an alternative polyadenylation mechanism.
2013
A subtractive hybridization strategy for the identification of differentially expressed genes was performed between LPS-challenged and naive Ciona intestinalis. This strategy allowed the characterization of two transcripts (Ci8short and Ci8long) generated by the use of two Alternative Polyadenylation sites. The Ci8long transcript contains a protein domain with relevant homology to several components of the Receptor Transporting Protein (RTP) family not present in the Ci8short mRNA. By means of Real Time PCR and Northern Blot, the Ci8short and Ci8long transcripts showed a different pattern of gene expression with the Ci8short mRNA being strongly activated after LPS injection in the pharynx. …
LPS-induced microglial secretion of TNFα increases activity-dependent neuronal apoptosis in the neonatal cerebral cortex.
2012
During the pre- and neonatal period, the cerebral cortex reveals distinct patterns of spontaneous synchronized activity, which is critically involved in the formation of early networks and in the regulation of neuronal survival and programmed cell death (apoptosis). During this period, the cortex is also highly vulnerable to inflammation and in humans prenatal infection may have a profound impact on neurodevelopment causing long-term neurological deficits. Using in vitro and in vivo multi-electrode array recordings and quantification of caspase-3 (casp-3)-dependent apoptosis, we demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation causes rapid alterations in the pattern of spontaneous b…
The prophenoloxidase system is activated during the tunic inflammatory reaction of Ciona intestinalis
2008
Phenoloxidase (PO) activity was examined in the tunic tissue of Ciona intestinalis following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intratunic injection. Tunic homogenate supernatant (THS), assayed with the Dopa-MBTH reaction, displayed Ca(2+)-independent PO activity that was raised by LPS and further enhanced by proteases. Specific inhibitors (tropolone, phenylthiourea, diethylthiocarbamate) supported the specificity of the reaction. Assay with soybean trypsin inhibitor showed that, in the tunic, PO activation with trypsin was not significantly inhibited suggesting that proteases diverse from serine proteases were involved. In vivo experiments were carried out by injecting isosmotic medium or LPS, and T…
Brain protein expression changes in WAG/Rij rats, a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy after peripheral lipopolysaccharide treatment
2013
Peripheral injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) facilitates 8–10 Hz spike-wave discharges (SWD) characterizing absence epilepsy in WAG/Rij rats. It is unknown however, whether peripherally administered LPS is able to alter the generator areas of epileptic activity at the molecular level. We injected 1 mg/kg dose of LPS intraperitoneally into WAG/Rij rats, recorded the body temperature and EEG, and examined the protein expression changes of the proteome 12 h after injection in the fronto-parietal cortex and thalamus. We used fluorescent two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis to investigate the expression profile. We found 16 differentially expressed proteins in the front…