Search results for "inflammation"
showing 10 items of 2662 documents
Differential adhesion of polymorphous neutrophilic granulocytes to macro- and microvascular endothelial cells under flow conditions.
2002
<i>Objective:</i> As one of the important active barriers in the human organism, endothelial cells (EC) play a central role in the biological reaction to a variety of stimuli, e.g. during the induction and regulation of inflammation, as well as in the reaction to transplantation and biomaterial implantation. In the study of endothelial function, the most widely used in vitro model is that of human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC), i.e. an EC type of embryonic and macrovascular origin. However, many of the important pathological processes occur at microvascular level, thus questioning the validity of the HUVEC model. Moreover, the morphological and functional heterogeneity of the endoth…
Role of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke on endoglin/CD105 expression in airway epithelium
2015
Dysregulation of airway epithelium function related to cigarette smoke exposure plays an important role in the pathophysiology of COPD and is associated to tissue damage and disease severity. CD105 is a component of the receptor complex of TGF-β, a pleiotropic cytokine involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation and migration. CD105 regulates the expression of different components of the extracellular matrix suggesting a role of CD105 in cellular transmigration and remodeling processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of endoglin/CD105 in airway epithelium of COPD patients and its involvement in tissue remodeling and COPD progression. We evaluated the …
An unusual Erdheim-Chester disease with orbital involvement: a case report
2017
Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis with multiorgan involvement and a specific tropism for perivascular and fatty connective tissue, of unclear origin, with poor response to therapy. Its identification is difficult because of the variable clinical presentation and its lack of knowledge. We report the case of a 63-years-old woman, with a history of bilateral orbital pseudotumor, who comes to our attention because of progressively worsening asthenia, vomiting and systemic inflammation. Total body computerized tomography scan showed a volumetric increase of choroid plexus of the temporal horn of the left lateral ventricle, presence of solid retrobulbar tissue at…
Study of the immunophenotype of the inflammatory cells in melanomas with regression and halo nevi.
2015
Abstract The pathogenesis and prognostic implications of regression in melanoma are not well understood. It has traditionally been considered an immunologically mediated phenomenon. Improvement in the knowledge of the mechanisms that lead to regression may prove to be of great value in an era in which treatments oriented to the augmentation of the host's immunity against melanoma have demonstrated excellent clinical results. This study was designed to improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying melanoma regression and the differences between similar situations in benign melanocytic nevus. The study sample consisted of 77 lesions: 62 melanomas and 15 halo nevi. The following marke…
The “mode” of lymphocyte extravasation through HEV of Peyer's patches and its role in normal homing and inflammation
2007
The mode of lymphocyte transendothelial migration in the postcapillary high endothelial venules (HEVs) of Peyer's patches during normal homing and acute inflammation in the guinea pig was studied. It is common opinion that the lymphocyte transendothelial passage from the blood stream into the extravasal lymphoid tissue calls for a multistep process of endothelial and lymphocyte molecules favoring tethering, rolling, activation, arrest and its firm adhesion to the endothelial luminal surface. Ultrastructural serial pictures and the three-dimensional reconstruction of HEVs with lymphocytes during different moments of their transmigration through the endothelial wall enabled us to demonstrate …
Focal topographic changes in inflammatory microcirculation associated with lymphocyte slowing and transmigration
2001
Microcirculation is the primary mechanism for delivering lymphocytes to inflammatory tissues. Blood flow within microvessels ensures a supply of lymphocytes at the blood-endothelial interface. Whether the structure of the inflammatory microcirculation facilitates lymphocyte transmigration is less clear. To illuminate the microcirculatory changes associated with lymphocyte transmigration, we used intravital videomicroscopy to examine the dermal microcirculation after application of the epicutaneous antigen oxazolone. Intravascular injection of fluorescein-labeled dextran demonstrated focal topographic changes in the microcirculation. These focal changes had the appearance of loops or hairpin…
The Blood–Brain Barrier as a Target in Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment
2014
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most frequent causes of death in the young population. Several clinical trials have unsuccessfully focused on direct neuroprotective therapies. Recently immunotherapeutic strategies shifted into focus of translational research in acute CNS diseases. Cross-talk between activated microglia and blood–brain barrier (BBB) could initiate opening of the BBB and subsequent recruitment of systemic immune cells and mediators into the brain. Stabilization of the BBB after TBI could be a promising strategy to limit neuronal inflammation, secondary brain damage and acute neurodegeneration. This review provides an overview on the pathophysiology of TBI and brain…
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of ventilator-associated lung injury after surfactant depletion.
2008
Volutrauma and atelectrauma have been proposed as mechanisms of ventilator-associated lung injury, but few studies have compared their relative importance in mediating lung injury. The objective of our study was to compare the injury produced by stretch (volutrauma) vs. cyclical recruitment (atelectrauma) after surfactant depletion. In saline-lavaged rabbits, we used high tidal volume, low respiratory rate, and low positive end-expiratory pressure to produce stretch injury in nondependent lung regions and cyclical recruitment in dependent lung regions. Tidal changes in shunt fraction were assessed by measuring arterial Po2 oscillations. After ventilating for times ranging from 0 to 6 h, lu…
[Regular Paper] Detection of H. pylori Induced Gastric Inflammation by Diffuse Reflectance Analysis
2018
Spectral acquisitions contain rich information and thus, are promising modalities for early detection of gastric diseases. In this study, we analyze the diffuse reflectance of the gastric inflammatory lesions induced by the bacterium H. pylori in the mouse stomach. A pipeline has been designed to characterize and classify spectra acquired on mice. The pipeline is based on a band clustering algorithm followed by the computation of meaningful division and subtraction features and by classification with a linear SVM classifier. Currently, the pipeline is able to recognize inflamed stomach's spectra with an accuracy of 98%. These results are promising and the same pipeline could be adapted for …
The eye in thyroid autoimmunity – Autoimmunité et œil lors de la maladie de Basedow
2014
Thyroid eye disease or thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is the commonest cause of orbital disease with an inflammatory component. With a basic knowledge of both orbital anatomy and the pathogenesis of TAO, it is easy to understand how its typical constellation of features originates. These features can be considered as primary or secondary. Primary features are those due directly to the disease process affecting a tissue e.g. restrictive myopathy. Secondary features occur due to the interaction of the affected tissue and the anatomical configuration of the tissues e.g. corneal ulceration or optic neuropathy, and are less likely to be florid at presentation. TAO is characterized by an im…