Search results for "ingénierie"
showing 10 items of 47 documents
La géopolitique du foncier : pouvoirs et échelles d’action
2018
When it comes to land management, successive reforms to territorial governancehave resulted in power games that have placed intercommunalauthorities in charge of coordination without any clearly defined institutionalhierarchy. The interviews conducted with actors in the territories studied(the Communauté de communes [joint local authorities] of the Vallée deChamonix Mont-Blanc, Pays du Grésivaudan and Massif du Vercors) and ouranalysis of the public policy tools they use highlight the change in scale thathas occurred in land management. We argue that the geopolitical stakes ofland have been elucidated with the constitution of dedicated engineering,which invites us to distinguish between the…
Évolution des conceptions après une formation pédagogique
2008
08050 - Egalement disponible à l'adresse : http://www.aipu2008-montpellier.fr/index.php?dossier_nav=839; International audience; Depuis 2005, l'université de Bourgogne (France) offre à ses chargés de TD/TP (assistants) la possibilité de se former à leur métier d'enseignant via une formation pédagogique de 4 jours. Cette formation vise à les aider à se constituer un référentiel -tant pratique que théorique- afin de s'acquitter au mieux de leurs tâches d'enseignement. Elle a jusqu'à présent accueilli environ 80 jeunes enseignants issus de diverses disciplines. Nous avons souhaité mesurer les effets formatifs perçus par les apprenants. Pour ce faire, si l'on considère que l'apprentissage peut …
Agroecological engineering
2015
Earth has recently entered the new era of the Anthropocene, during which the rise of human activities are impacting for the first time ecosystems and climate on the global scale. Since the 1960s the green revolution has improved food production in quantity using industrially-designed agriculture, which has led to global pollution by pesticides and losses of food quality, biodiversity and soil carbon. As a consequence there is a need to implement agroecological practices in order to produce food safely and in a sustainable way. This virtual issue presents principles and applications of agroecological engineering, exemplified in 19 selected review articles from the journal Agronomy for Sustai…
Depth Enhancement by Fusion for Passive and Active Sensing
2012
This paper presents a general refinement procedure that enhances any given depth map obtained by passive or active sensing. Given a depth map, either estimated by triangulation methods or directly provided by the sensing system, and its corresponding 2-D image, we correct the depth values by separately treating regions with undesired effects such as empty holes, texture copying or edge blurring due to homogeneous regions, occlusions, and shadowing. In this work, we use recent depth enhancement filters intended for Time-of-Flight cameras, and adapt them to alternative depth sensing modalities, both active using an RGB-D camera and passive using a dense stereo camera. To that end, we propose …
Which food for whom?
2015
From lack of food to food excess there are numerous different forms of malnutrition, caused by many determining factors. Improving the nutritional condition of populations therefore is a key task of public health care on a planetary level. It is also an economic challenge. The development of an agro-industrial system over the last sixty years has no doubt contributed to make foods safer, but it has also contributed to the consumption of products which are too fat and too sweet. As a consequence the innovation of healthier foods that are affordable has now become an important challenge. This challenge requires developing a new food engineering approach, notably improving the understanding of…
Retour critique sur une démarche de débat citoyen en ligne
2020
La présentation reviendra sur une démarche de débat citoyen organisé à partir d’une plateforme numérique pensée collectivement durant la crise sanitaire liée au Convid-19. Il s’agit d’opérer un retour critique au sens où nous interrogerons les tenants et les aboutissants d’une telle démarche, entendons les limites et les points forts, les doutes et les certitudes. Notre présentation s’articulera autour de trois questions : Qu’est-ce qu’une « ingénierie du sensible » ?Qu’est-ce que veut dire « représentatif » ? Qu’est-ce que veut dire « scientifique » ? Parallèlement, nous reviendrons sur la nécessité que nous avons ressentie de tenir un journal de bord analytique qui, précisément, fait suit…
A Trusted Hybrid Learning Approach to Secure Edge Computing
2021
Securing edge computing has drawn much attention due to the vital role of edge computing in Fifth Generation (5G) wireless networks. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been adopted to protect networks against attackers targeting the connected edge devices or the wireless channel. However, the proposed detection mechanisms could generate a high false detection rate, especially against unknown attacks defined as zero-day threats. Thereby, we propose and conceive a new hybrid learning security framework that combines the expertise of security experts and the strength of machine learning to protect the edge computing network from known and unknown attacks, while minimizing the false detection rat…
Multi-omics profiling reveals that eating difficulties developed consecutively to artificial nutrition in the neonatal period are associated to speci…
2015
Prolonged enteral or parenteral nutrition in neonatal periods sometimes results in eating difficulties persisting for years, with reduced food intake through the oral route and thereby reduced stimulation of the oral cavity. Aiming at describing the consequences on oral physiology, saliva of 21 children with eating difficulties (ED) was compared to that of 23 healthy controls, using various omics and targeted methods. Overall, despite heterogeneity within the groups (age, medication etc.), the three spectral methods (MALDI-TOF, SELDI-TOF, (1)H NMR) allowed discriminating ED and controls, confirming that oral stimulation by food intake plays a role in shaping the composition of saliva. Saliv…
Evidence for different patterns of chemosensory alterations in the elderly population: impact of age versus dependency
2015
The present experiment aimed to explore the interindividual variability in chemosensory abilities among the elderly population. The chemosensory abilities of 559 subjects, aged from 65 to 99 years, were evaluated. Various categories of the elderly, including people who were living at home either without or with assistance, and people who were living in a nursing home, were interviewed. The results revealed that 43% of the sample presented well-preserved chemosensory abilities, whereas 21% of the participants presented a moderate impairment. Of the sample, 33% presented well-preserved olfactory abilities but strong impairment in gustatory abilities and 3% were nearly anosmic but remained abl…
Context-aware intelligent video analysis for the management of smart buildings
2019
To date, computer vision systems are limited to extract digital data of what the cameras "see". However, the meaning of what they observe could be greatly enhanced by environment and human-skills knowledge.In this work, we propose a new approach to cross-fertilize computer vision with contextual information, based on semantic modelization defined by an expert.This approach extracts the knowledge from images and uses it to perform real-time reasoning according to the contextual information, events of interest and logic rules. The reasoning with image knowledge allows to overcome some problems of computer vision such as occlusion and missed detections and to offer services such as people guid…