Search results for "inhalation"
showing 10 items of 326 documents
The effect of chronic low-dose environmental radiation on organ mass of bank voles in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone
2020
Purpose: Animals are exposed to environmental ionizing radiation (IR) externally through proximity to contaminated soil and internally through ingestion and inhalation of radionuclides. Internal organs can respond to radioactive contamination through physiological stress. Chronic stress can compromise the size of physiologically active organs, but studies on wild mammal populations are scarce. The effects of environmental IR contamination on organ masses was studied by using a wild rodent inhabiting the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). Material and Methods: The masses of brain, heart, kidney, spleen, liver and lung were assessed from bank voles (Myodes glareolus) captured from areas across r…
Cerebral haemodynamic changes during propofol-remifentanil or sevoflurane anaesthesia: transcranial Doppler study under bispectral index monitoring
2006
Background. Sevoflurane or propofol–remifentanil-based anaesthetic regimens represent modern techniques for neurosurgical anaesthesia. Nevertheless, there are potential differences related to their activity on the cerebrovascular system. The magnitude of such difference is not completely known. Methods. In total 40 patients, treated for spinal or maxillo-facial disorders, were randomly allocated to either i.v. propofol–remifentanil or inhalational sevoflurane anaesthesia. Transcranial Doppler was used to assess changes in cerebral blood flow velocity, carbon dioxide reactivity, cerebral autoregulation and the bispectral index to assess the depth of anaesthesia. Results. Time-averaged mean f…
Effect of nebulized beclomethasone on airway inflammation and clinical status of children with allergic asthma and rhinitis: a randomized, double-bli…
2012
We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of nebulized beclomethasone dipropionate (nBDP) on both allergic asthma and rhinitis. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 40 children (mean age 10.7 ± 2.1 years) with allergic asthma and rhinitis received either nBDP (daily dose of 800 µg, administered twice daily) or placebo for 4 weeks (with a face mask), after a 2-week run-in period of clinical assessment. Nasal and oral fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements together with pulmonary function tests, nasal and oral exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection for pH and interleukin-5 (IL-5) measurements as well as nasal and bronchial symptom scores were obtained at…
Inspiratory Muscle Function and Exercise Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
2017
Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by impaired exercise capacity resulting from dyspnea and fatigue. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the exercise intolerance in HFpEF are not well established. We sought to evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle function on exercise tolerance in symptomatic patients with HFpEF. Methods and Results: A total of 74 stable symptomatic patients with HFpEF and New York Heart Association class II-III underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test between June 2012 and May 2016. Inspiratory muscle weakness was defined as maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) <70% of normal predicted values…
Xenon Improves Neurologic Outcome and Reduces Secondary Injury Following Trauma in an In Vivo Model of Traumatic Brain Injury*
2014
Objectives: To determine the neuroprotective efficacy of the inert gas xenon following traumatic brain injury and to determine whether application of xenon has a clinically relevant therapeutic time window. Design: Controlled animal study. Setting: University research laboratory. Subjects: Male C57BL/6N mice (n = 196). Interventions: Seventy-five percent xenon, 50% xenon, or 30% xenon, with 25% oxygen (balance nitrogen) treatment following mechanical brain lesion by controlled cortical impact. Measurements and Main Results: Outcome following trauma was measured using 1) functional neurologic outcome score, 2) histological measurement of contusion volume, and 3) analysis of locomotor functio…
Serious Asthma Events with Fluticasone plus Salmeterol versus Fluticasone Alone
2016
BACKGROUND The safe and appropriate use of long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) for the treatment of asthma has been widely debated. In two large clinical trials, investigators found a potential risk of serious asthma-related events associated with LABAs. This study was designed to evaluate the risk of administering the LABA salmeterol in combination with an inhaled glucocorticoid, fluticasone propionate. METHODS In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial, adolescent and adult patients (age, ≥12 years) with persistent asthma were assigned to receive either fluticasone with salmeterol or fluticasone alone for 26 weeks. All the patients had a history of a severe asthma exacerbation in t…
Hospital Care of Older Patients With COPD: Adherence to International Guidelines for Use of Inhaled Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids
2019
Abstract Objectives We aimed to analyze the prevalence and impact of COPD in older patients hospitalized in internal medicine or geriatric wards, and to investigate adherence to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines, associated clinical factors, and outcomes. Design Data were obtained from REgistro POliterapie SIMI (REPOSI), a prospective multicenter observational registry that enrolls inpatients aged ≥65 years. Setting and Participants Older hospitalized patients enrolled from 2008 to 2016 with a diagnosis of COPD. Measures We evaluated adherence to the 2018 GOLD guidelines at admission and discharge, by examining the prescription of inhaled bronchodi…
Is faster better? A randomised crossover study comparing algorithms for closed-loop automatic oxygen control
2019
ObjectiveClosed-loop automatic control (CLAC) of the fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) improved oxygen administration to preterm infants on respiratory support. We investigated whether a revised CLAC algorithm (CLACfast, ≤2 FiO2 adjustments/min), compared with routine manual control (RMConly), increased the proportion of time with arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry within prespecified target ranges (Target%) while not being inferior to the original algorithm (CLACslow: ≤0.3 FiO2 adjustments/min).DesignUnblinded randomised controlled crossover study comparing three modes of FiO2 control in random order for 8 hours each: RMC supported by CLACfast was compared wi…
Nitric oxide and prostacyclin lower suprasystemic pulmonary hypertension after cardiopulmonary bypass
1993
In a 3-week-old male newborn persistent suprasystemic pulmonary hypertension developed after surgical valvulotomy for a critical aortic valve stenosis. Because of a residual transvalvular pressure gradient of 35 mmHg and postoperative left as well as right ventricular dysfunction, treatment with inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and intravenously infused prostacyclin (PGI2) was attempted. Low-dose inhaled NO and low dose PGI2 corrected severe pulmonary hypertension and led to an increase in cardiac output. Treatment with NO but not PGI2 was accompanied by a rise in PaO2 and systemic blood pressure. Interruption of NO administration led to a rapid increase in pulmonary arterial pressure to suprasyst…
Pharmacological characterisation of a new model of antigen-induced pulmonary late-phase reaction in the conscious guinea pig which uses additional po…
1996
The aim of the present study was to develop a new model of allergic late-phase reaction in the airways of conscious guinea pigs (GPs) and to characterise it by pharmacological intervention. GPs were pretreated with cyclophosphamide and sensitized with ovalbumin (OA) in Al(OH)3. Weekly inhalations of polymyxin B were performed before and during sensitization and continued throughout the study period. Under cover of 10 mg/kg i.p. mepyramine all GPs still exhibited a pronounced immediate reaction (IR), peaking during the first 15 min after OA. Nine out of 15 GPs demonstrated, during screening, a reproducible (twice) second phase (late phase reaction (LPR)] of decreased airflow and tidal volume…