Search results for "injections"
showing 10 items of 518 documents
Opposite motor responses elicited by ethanol in the posterior VTA: The role of acetaldehyde and the non-metabolized fraction of ethanol
2013
Recent electrophysiological evidence suggests that ethanol simultaneously exerts opposite effects on the activity of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) through two parallel mechanisms, one promoting and the other reducing the GABA release onto VTA DA neurons. Here we explore the possible behavioural implications of these findings by investigating the role displayed by acetaldehyde (the main metabolite of ethanol) and the non-metabolized fraction of ethanol in motor activity of rats. We analyse the appearance of motor activation or depression after intra-VTA administration of ethanol in rats subjected to different pharmacological pre-treatments designed to preferential…
Dose-dependent induction of CPP or CPA by intra-pVTA ethanol: Role of mu opioid receptors and effects on NMDA receptors.
2020
AbstractThe neurobiological mechanisms underlying alcohol motivational properties are still not fully understood, however, the mu-opioid receptors (MORs) have been evidenced as central elements in the manifestation of the alcohol reinforcing properties. Drug-associated environmental stimuli can trigger alcohol relapse and promote alcohol consumption whereby N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a pivotal role. Here we sought to demonstrate, for the first time, that ethanol induces conditioned place preference or aversion (CPP or CPA) when administered locally into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the associated role of MORs. We further analyzed the changes in the expression and mRN…
Intermittent cortical stimulation evokes sensitization to cocaine and enduring changes in matrix and striosome neuron responsiveness
2005
Both the behavioral sensitization syndrome and the changes in the responsiveness of striatal neurons evoked by chronic cocaine exposure may be linked to enhanced neocortical activity, yet a direct demonstration of the effects of cortical stimulation on these parameters is lacking. We have found that repeated stimulation of the rat prelimbic cortex with picrotoxin (0.25 microg/0.25 microl, five injections on alternate days followed by 7-day withdrawal) contributed to increase c-Fos protein expression in the striosomes of the dorsolateral striatum, while producing the opposite effect in the matrix compartment, after a single exposure to cocaine (25 mg/kg). Moreover, rats exposed to cortical s…
The prognosis of patients having received optimal therapy for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding might be worse in daily practice than in ra…
2010
International audience; BACKGROUND: Combination of endoscopic haemostatic and high-dose intravenous proton-pump inhibitors is considered to be the standard care for patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding. AIM: This study assessed predictive factors of rebleeding and death in unselected patients presented to our hospital. METHODS: Consecutive patients with nonmalignant bleeding ulcers and stigmata of recent haemorrhage who received optimal treatment, between 22 August 2003 and 15 October 2007, were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: Among 140 included patients, 45 (32%) rebled and 30 received another haemostatic endoscopy, which was successful in 20 cases. In multivariate analysis, the onl…
Intravenous bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: Influence of coadjuvant antineoplastic treatment and study of buccodental condition
2012
Objectives: To determine whether coadjuvant antineoplastic treatment can influence the number and size of bone exposures among patients with intravenous bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (iBRONJ), and to analyze the buccodental condition of these patients. Material and methods: The study sample comprised 67 patients with iBRONJ, 53 patients without iBRONJ receiving treatment with intravenous bisphosphonates, and 36 healthy subjects. In all three groups, measurements were made of the CAO index and of resting whole saliva and stimulated whole saliva. In the patients with iBRONJ, the size (cm) and number of bone exposures were recorded. The data obtained were subjected to analys…
Determinants of interest in extended-released buprenorphine: A survey among 366 French patients treated with buprenorphine or methadone
2021
International audience; Aim: To explore the factors determining the interest in extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) injections among patients receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in France.Methods: 366 patients receiving OAT for opioid use disorder, recruited in 66 French centers, were interviewed from 12/2018 to 05/2019. A structured questionnaire assessed their interest in XR-BUP using a [1-10] Likert scale. 'More' vs. 'less' interested groups were defined using the median score of interest, and their characteristics were explored using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI). Independent variables were as follows: sociodemographic characteristics, OAT-re…
Reinstatement of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice by Priming Injections
2004
To construct a model of relapse of drug abuse in mice, the induction, we evaluated the extinction and reinstatement of morphine-induced place preference. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of morphine (0, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Mice showed CPP with 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg. In Experiment 2, we evaluated the effects of two different extinction procedures. After conditioning with 40 mg/kg of morphine, the mice underwent daily extinction sessions of 60 or 15 min of duration. CPP was extinguished after seven and nine sessions, respectively. In Experiment 3, we tested the reinstating effects of several priming doses of morphine. Mice…
Cheek Volumization and the Nasolabial Fold.
2018
Sir: We have read the article by Mowlds and Lambros1 with great interest and enthusiasm. The findings of their study show that the nasolabial fold does not improve after cheek injection. By analyzing three-dimensional images of the face before and immediately after cheek injection of high- G′ hyaluronic acid, they demonstrate that the perceived nasolabial fold improvement, reported after cheek injections,2,3 is attributable to overall improvement in facial appearance rather than to actual nasolabial fold improvement. As a consequence, it might be ruled out that the nasolabial fold is a consequence of cheek deflating and it is likely attributable predominantly to change in the corner of the …
MRI activity and neutralising antibody as predictors of response to interferon beta treatment in multiple sclerosis
2008
Objective: To prospectively validate MRI activity and neutralising anti-interferon antibody (NAb) during the first 6 months of interferon β treatment as response indicators in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Patients with relapsing–remitting MS were followed during the first 2 years of treatment. Neurological assessments were performed every 3 months or when a relapse was suspected. MRI scans performed at baseline and at 3, 4, 5 and 6 months after the start of treatment were assessed centrally for disease activity: new T2 or gadolinium enhancing T1 lesions. NAb were assessed using the MxA protein assay; positivity was defined as two consecutive titres ⩾20 NU/ml. We evaluated the predictiv…
Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Nevirapine and Nortriptyline in Rats: Inhibition of Nevirapine Metabolism by Nortriptyline
2014
ABSTRACTOne of the most frequent comorbidities of HIV infection is depression, with a lifetime prevalence of 22 to 45%. Therefore, it was decided to study a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor nevirapine (NVP) and the tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline (NT). NVP and NT were administered to rats either orally, intraduodenally, or intravenously, and the changes in plasma levels and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed. Experiments with rat and human hepatic microsomes were carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effects of NT on NVP metabolism. NVP plasma concentrations were significantly higher when this drug was coadminister…