Search results for "inla"
showing 10 items of 1834 documents
Predictors of stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders in a general population in Finland
2010
For planning effective and well-targeted initiatives to reduce stigma, we need to identify which factors are associated with stigmatizing of people with mental disorders.This study examined how well a combination of variables predicts stigmatizing attitudes and discrimination in a general population.A survey questionnaire was sent to 10,000 persons aged 15-80 years residing in western Finland. Attitudes were measured using a scale consisting of negative stereotypes about people with depression and stereotypical beliefs connected with mental problems, while discrimination was measured by a social distance scale. Predictors included demographic variables, mental health resources, personal exp…
The role of genetics and environment in lifting force and isometric trunk extensor endurance.
2004
Background and Purpose. Our understanding of what different back performance tests are measuring is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of genetics and unique and common environmental factors for 3 tests of back muscle performance in a classic twin analysis. Subjects. The subjects were a population-based sample of 122 monozygotic and 131 dizygotic male twin pairs aged 35 to 69 years (X̄=49.9, SD=7.7). Methods. Variance component analysis was applied to estimate genetic and environmental influences on isokinetic and psychophysical lifting and isometric trunk extensor endurance test performance. The Cholesky decomposition genetic factor model was u…
Differences in hand and foot psychomotor speed among 18 pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for lifelong vehicular driving.
1997
The purpose of this study was to examine driving as a determinant of hand and foot psychomotor reaction times. Visual simple and choice hand and foot psychomotor reaction times were measured. The occupational driving contrast was determined by an interview reviewing every job held during each subject's lifetime. Comparison was made of psychomotor speed among 18 pairs of 39- to 62-year-old monozygotic male twins discordant for lifelong occupational driving. The mean discordance was the equivalent of 16 years of full-time driving. The twins who drove more tended to have slower hand simple and choice reaction times, although only the difference in hand-choice decision time was statistically si…
Changes in Daily Steps and Body Mass Index and Waist to Height Ratio during Four Year Follow-Up in Adults: Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
2017
Aims: Over the study years, there was a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) in middle aged Finnish adults. Methods: Data were obtained from 1033 Finnish adults from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study in 2007 and 2011. Cohort study participants wore an Omron Walking Style One (HJ-152R-E) pedometer for five days and were grouped into those who increased, maintained and decreased their steps between 2007 and 2011. Paired samples t-test was used to compare body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) change values between the change groups in study years. Results: Among study population BMI and WtHR increase between study years was …
Interexaminer reliability of low back pain assessment using the McKenzie method.
2002
STUDY DESIGN A test-retest design was used. OBJECTIVE To assess interexaminer reliability of the McKenzie method for performing clinical tests and classifying patients with low back pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Clinical methods and tests classifying patients with nonspecific low back pain have been based mainly on symptom duration or extent of pain referral. The McKenzie mechanical diagnostic and classification approach is a widely used noninvasive, low-technology method of assessing patients with low back pain. However, little is known about the interexaminer reliability of the method, previous studies having yielded conflicting results. METHODS For this study, 39 volunteers with low b…
Reliability of the Dynamic Gait Index (Finnish version) in individuals with neurological disorders
2012
To produce a Finnish version of the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and establish its reliability in people with neurological disorders affecting balance.A consecutive sample of 33 participants in inter-rater and 30 participants in intra-rater sample were tested. The DGI was administered in two testing sessions 1-2 h apart. Reliability was assessed with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement, coefficient of reproducibility (CR), and standard error of the mean (SEM).The instructions from the original DGI were preserved during the translation process with no need for cultural adaptations. The relative reliability of the total scores proved to be high in i…
Assessing body composition with DXA and bioimpedance: effects of obesity, physical activity, and age.
2008
Objective: This study evaluated to what extent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and two types of bioimpedance analysis (BIA) yield similar results for body fat mass (FM) in men and women with different levels of obesity and physical activity (PA). Methods and Procedures: The study population consisted of 37–81-year-old Finnish people (82 men and 86 women). FM% was estimated using DXA (GE Lunar Prodigy) and two BIA devices (InBody (720) and Tanita BC 418 MA). Subjects were divided into normal, overweight, and obese groups on the basis of clinical cutoff points of BMI, and into low PA (LPA) and high PA (HPA) groups. Agreement between the devices was calculated by using the Bland–Altman …
Leisure-time cross-country skiing is associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes:A prospective cohort study
2019
Background Cross-country skiing is associated with reduction in risk of adverse vascular outcomes, but its association with type 2 diabetes is uncertain. We aimed to assess the associations between leisure-time cross-country skiing habits and incident type 2 diabetes. Methods We analysed the data of 2483 middle-aged men with no history of diabetes at baseline in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective study. The frequency, average duration, and intensity of leisure cross-country skiing were assessed at baseline using a 12-month physical activity questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) for type 2 diabetes were estimated. Results During a median follow-up of 21.6 years, 539 men dev…
Physical activity, morbidity and mortality in twins: a 24-year prospective follow-up.
2010
The aim of this study was to find out whether persistent leisure-time physical activity, adjusted for genetic liability and childhood experiences, protect against occurrence of specific chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. Study design was a 24-year prospective follow-up after 6-year physical activity discordance in twin pairs. From 5,663 healthy adult twin pairs, 146 pairs (including 29 mozygotic) discordant for both intensity and volume of leisure physical activity at baseline in both 1975 and 1981 were systematically identified. Mortality and occurrence of chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease defined according to reimbursable medication status) were follo…
Hostility, unemployment and health status: testing three theoretical models.
2003
This study examined three theoretical models of hostility, health and life context. According to the psychosocial vulnerability hypothesis, there is an interaction between hostility and adverse conditions. The increased health risk in hostile individuals is assumed to stem from their lower ability to benefit from existing psychosocial resources. The second hypothesis, called here the social context model, considers adverse conditions as an antecedent of both hostility and health problems. The third model states that hostility is a predictor of being selected to adverse conditions involving risk to health (the selection hypothesis). The results from a survey of a population-based random samp…