Search results for "insulin"

Association of selenium exposure with insulin resistance and β-cell function in middle age and older adults

2021

Gene expression centroids that link with low intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity and complex disease risk

2010

A strong link exists between low aerobic exercise capacity and complex metabolic diseases. To probe this linkage, we utilized rat models of low and high intrinsic aerobic endurance running capacity that differ also in the risk for metabolic syndrome. We investigated in skeletal muscle gene-phenotype relationships that connect aerobic endurance capacity with metabolic disease risk factors. The study compared 12 high capacity runners (HCRs) and 12 low capacity runners (LCRs) from generation 18 of selection that differed by 615% for maximal treadmill endurance running capacity. On average, LCRs were heavier and had increased blood glucose, insulin, and triglycerides compared with HCRs. HCRs we…

Continuous subcutaneous Insulin infusion leads to immediate, table, and long-term changes in metabolic control

2008

Background:  Evaluations of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) usually focus on one pre- and one post-CSII measurement to assess metabolic therapy outcome. Aim:  Extending this research, the aim of the present study was to provide a more fine-grained analysis of achieved glycaemic control. Methods:  In 52 patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age of 37.85 years at CSII begin; s.d. ± 12.41), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were assessed every 3 months over a period of 5 years (1 year before and 4 years after the introduction of CSII). Mixed models were utilized to describe changes in glycaemic control. Results:  The pre–post course showed that already in the first quarter, a statis…

Conseguenze metaboliche dell'ipossia

2011

Riassunto La sopravvivenza in condizioni di ipossia dipende dall’attivazione di processi cellulari complessi, con risposte di adattamento (quali il potenziamento del trasporto di O2 attraverso l’aumento dell’eritropoiesi, l’attivazione dell’angiogenesi e l’aumento della glicolisi anaerobica) e l’inibizione di processi metabolici che richiedono alta disponibilità di O2. Ciò consente di mantenere l’omeostasi energetica anche in condizioni di ridotta disponibilità di O2. Nel modello fisiologico del soggiorno ad alta quota si verificano riduzione di peso e della capacità di lavoro associata a riduzione della massa muscolare, che però sono reversibili al ripristino di condizioni di normossia. Le…

An update on the relationships between rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis

2010

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Cardiovascular events are the most important cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Beyond the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, chronic systemic inflammation has been shown to be a crucial factor in atherosclerosis development and progression from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Many studies have shown that atherosclerosis is not a passive event like accumulation of lipids in the vessel walls; by contrast, it represents an active inflammation of the vessels. Inflammatory cells such as macrophages, monocytes and T cells play important roles in the development of both rhe…

Shorter recovery time following high-intensity interval training induced higher body fat loss among overweight women

2018

Background: High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been widely employed as an exercise protocol to reduce fat, and also in addition, interval recovery periods are the most important factors which can have great impact on weight loss. Therefore, the aim of this study was the evaluation of different recovery time between HIIT program on metabolic responses and weight loss in overweight women. Methods: Twenty-four overweight (BMI 29.5±3.5 kg/m2) volunteer women were randomly assigned into three groups (n=8/group) to study the effects of different recovery times: (group 1; HIIT with 60/60 activity-rest ratio (sec), group 2; HIIT with 60/30 activity-rest ratio (sec), and group 3 was set as …

CONJUGATION STRATEGIES OF INSULIN TO NANOGELS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY TESTS

2014

Betatrophin Levels Are Related to the Early Histological Findings in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2021

Betatrophin, a liver hormone, regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. We investigated the betatrophin levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and searched for any relationship with histological severity and metabolic parameters. Fifty males with NAFLD [Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 32)

Estudio del factor de transcripción SREBP1 en estados de resistencia a insulina

2007

Tesis doctoral del Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular

Exploring nose-to-brain insulin delivery as a new strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

2019

A growing body of evidence shows that Insulin, Insulin Receptor (IR) and IR signaling are involved in brain cognitive functions and their dysfunction is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) degeneration. Thus, administration of insulin could be a strategy for AD treatment. For this aim we designed, synthesized and characterized a nanogel system (NG) to deliver insulin to the brain, as a tool for the development of a new therapy for AD. A carboxyl-functionalized poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) nanogel system produced by high energy ionizing radiation was chosen as substrate for the covalent attachment of insulin or fluorescent molecules, relevant for its tracing