Search results for "insulin"
showing 10 items of 1360 documents
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte membrane fluidity, at baseline and after in vitro activation, in obesity with or without diabetes mellitus
2002
We studied a group of 28 obese subjects (mean age 38.2+/-13.5 years, body mass index 35.0+/-5.6 kg/m2) with insulin resistance demonstrated employing an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, subdivided into a subgroup with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and a subgroup with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We examined the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) membrane fluidity at baseline and after activation with 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP). At baseline, PMN membrane fluidity was significantly decreased in both subgroups compared to normals. In obese subjects with NGT no correlation was found between this PMN determinant and the parameters…
Gut-adipose tissue axis in hepatic fat accumulation in humans
2014
Recent evidence suggests that in animals gut microbiota composition (GMC) affects the onset and progression of hepatic fat accumulation. The aim of this study was to investigate in humans whether subjects with high hepatic fat content (HHFC) differ in their GMC from those with low hepatic fat content (LHFC), and whether these differences are associated with body composition, biomarkers and abdominal adipose tissue inflammation.Hepatic fat content (HFC) was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS). Fecal GMC was profiled by 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry. Adipose tissue gene expression was analyzed using Affymetrix microarrays and quant…
Heredity and obesity-associated hypertension: impact of hormonal characteristics and left ventricular mass.
1995
Objectives : To investigate the influence of heredity on obesity-associated hypertension, we evaluated casual and 24-h blood pressure, left ventricular mass and some metabolic and hormonal measurements in normotensive obese subjects. Design : Healthy, normotensive obese subjects (n = 81) with positive or negative family history of hypertension were studied. Both groups were also subdivided according to a positive or a negative family history of obesity. Accordingly, 45 obese subjects had a positive family history of hypertension, 25 of these having a positive (subgroup A) and 20 having a negative family history of obesity (subgroup B). The other 36 obese subjects had a negative family histo…
Adverse Cardiovascular Response to Aerobic Exercise Training
2015
AB Purpose: Aerobic exercise training in sedentary individuals improves physical fitness and various cardiovascular (CV) biomarkers. Nevertheless, there has been controversy as to whether exercise training may adversely affect some biomarkers in a small segment of the population. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether clinically significant worsening of CV biomarkers was more prevalent among individuals randomized to a supervised endurance training program as compared with those randomized to a control condition. Methods: Baseline and end of study measurements of fasting insulin (FI), triglycerides (TG), resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) were o…
Relationship between circulating E-selectin, DD genotype of angiotensin-converting-enzyme, and cardiovascular damage in central obese subjects
2003
Fifty-six young central obese patients were investigated to evaluate relationships between soluble E-selectin (sE-S), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism, left ventricular function and structure, and carotid morphology by determination of sE-S and ACE genotypes. Our results indicated that central obese subjects with concomitant higher levels of sE-S and ACE DD genotype may be characterized by early cardiovascular alterations and then considered a particular subset of subjects at higher risk of cardiovascular disease.
Insulin-resistance HCV infection-related affects vascular stiffness in normotensives
2015
BACKGROUND AND AIMS. Arterial stiffness evaluated as pulse wave velocity, is an early marker of vascular damage and an independent predictor for cardiovascular events. We investigated if the insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia chronic hepatitis C virus infection-related could influence arterial stiffness. METHODS. We enrolled 260 outpatients matched for age, body mass index, gender, ethnicity: 52 with never-treated uncomplicated chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV(+)), 104 never-treated hypertensives (HT) and 104 healthy subjects (NT). Pulse wave velocity was evaluated by a validated system employing high-fidelity applanation tonometry. We also measured: fasting plasma glucose and insu…
Low- and high-density lipoprotein subclasses in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
2014
BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. Although dyslipidemia represents a key factor in this disease, its impact on serum levels of distinct lipoprotein subfractions is largely unknown.OBJECTIVE: To assess the full low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (I-EDL) profiles in patients with NAFLD.METHODS: Seven LDL and 10 HDL subfractions were assessed by gel electrophoresis (Lipoprint, Quantimetrix Corporation, USA) in men with biopsy proven NAFLD (simple steatosis [n = 17, age, 34 7 years] and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH; n = 24, age, 32 +/- 6 years]). Exclusion criteria included robust alcohol consump…
Effects of a controlled program of moderate physical exercise on insulin sensitivity in nonobese, nondiabetic subjects.
2005
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of a moderate, aerobic physical exercise program on insulin resistance and its accompanying metabolic changes in a group of healthy, middle-age, nonobese subjects, without modifying oxygen consumption and body weight. DESIGN: The inclusion of subjects was carried out among volunteers from the health personnel of our center, who complied with the inclusion criteria. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve subjects (age 30-60 years, 5 females), nonsmokers, body mass index (BMI) <27 kg/m2 and fasting plasma glucose <6.1 mmol/L. INTERVENTIONS: Insulin resistance was assessed using the Bergmann minimal model modified with insulin, and basal and maximum metabolic rate were measured wi…
Effects of strength and endurance training on metabolic risk factors in healthy 40â65-year-old men
2009
This study compared 21 weeks of combined high-intensity strength and endurance training with endurance or strength training only on metabolic risk factors in 40-65-year-old men. The healthy men (n=63) were randomized into endurance (E), strength (S), combined strength and endurance training (SE) and control (C) groups. S and E trained two times a week and SE 2+2 times a week. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly both in E (-6+/-8 and -4+/-6 mmHg) and in S (-9+/-8 and -5+/-7 mmHg), but not in SE or C (P=0.003 for the difference in the changes of SBP between the groups). The changes in serum glucose and insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test did not diffe…
Effect of consumption of a carob pod inositol-enriched beverage on insulin sensitivity and inflammation in middle-aged prediabetic subjects.
2016
This study assessed the effects of an inositol-enriched beverage (IEB) on blood glucose levels and inflammation status in subjects with an impaired fasting glucose (IFG) state according to body mass index (BMI). This was a 12 week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial employing forty-four IFG subjects (fasting glucose levels 100-125 mg dl-1) that were divided into two intervention groups: one receiving a IEB (n = 24) containing mainly pinitol (2.0 g twice a day), and the other a sweetened beverage based on sucrose (SB; n = 20). Anthropometric and biochemical measurements, postprandial and fasting nocturnal glycaemia (continuous glucose monitoring system), and inflammatory parameters (…