Search results for "integrated"
showing 10 items of 1783 documents
La lutte biologique contre l'ambroisie à feuilles d'armoise illustrée par l'exemple d'Ophraella communa: quels intérêts et quelles limites ?
2016
National audience; Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) was introduced in France over 150 years ago and its spreading across France now seems inexorable. The specific biology of this summer annual creates new problems for the managers of the various habitats where the plant can be found. The reduced possibility, or even the impossibility, to use traditional control means in certain environment conditions brings managers to consider biological control as one of the few possible means for slowing down the spread, or even pushing back the distribution area, of this invasive and allergenic plant. With Ophraella communa as an example, a reflection is presented on the benefit-risk balance of …
Gérer l’ambroisie à feuilles d’armoise en agriculture biologique
2019
Managing common ragweed in organic agriculture Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an invasive plant native to North America, capable of developing rapidly in many environments: agricultural fields, roadsides, construction sites, wastelands, riverbanks. Pollen, emitted at the end of summer, causes strong allergic reactions in sensitive people (rhinitis, asthma, etc.). It is also a threat to agriculture, as this annual plant can cause significant yield losses if it is not controlled. A study was conducted to analyze the practices of organic farmers in arable crop systems to control ragweed, as well as their level of knowledge of this plant according to their location. The results …
Conception et évaluation de systèmes de culture innovants : le cas exemplaire de la Protection Intégrée contre la flore adventice
2009
Pas de résumé
Linking traffic and noise models to explore spatio-temporal distribution of noise pollution: an example in Besançon (France)
2012
International audience; Road transportation is one of the major environmental noise sources in urban areas, which is characterized by an important temporal and spatial variation. Therefore, linking mobility and traffic model with noise model each representing spatial and temporal dimensions is a great interest. An integrated and original approach was developed to explore noise pollution in urban areas with a spatiotemporal and prospective point of view. An agent-based Land-Use and Transport Integrated (LUTI) model - MobiSim- was used to assess traffic modulation by simulating hourly flows and mobility. Individual choices of agents (representing the city's inhabitants) were transformed to fl…
Mise en évidence du rôle de la diversité dans la dynamique des communautés d'adventices et des interactions adventices/cultures
2020
The main challenge of 21st century agriculture is to provide sufficient food for a growing to identify cropping systems which maintain crop productivity, minimize reliance on synthetic herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers, and promote weed diversity. We hypothesized that cropping system diversification, either at the annual scale through the introduction of cover crops, or at the plurennial scale through a diversification of the crop sequence and associated weed management tools, could be a viable means to reach these objectives. More specifically, we hypothesized that cropping system diversification could (i) contain weed abundance and thereby, allow a reduction of herbicide use and an incr…
Effects of biomass, age and functional traits on regrowth of arable weeds after cutting
2008
Conference: 24th German Conference on Weed Biology and Weed ControlLocation: Stuttgart Hohenheim, GERMANYDate: MAR 04-06, 2008; International audience; In sown field margin stripes or pluriannual forage crops, arable weeds are exposed to high competition and regular mowing or hay cutting, to which they may react very differently. A greenhouse experiment permitted to understand some key factors shaping the ability of common arable weeds and forage crops to grow after such cuttings. Even without competition, cutting shoots at 5cm height reduced biomass production of all 10 species studied, but 6 annual broadleaf weeds were much more affected than 2 perennial forage crops (Dactylis, Medicago) …
Assessing non-chemical weeding strategies through mechanistic modelling of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) dynamics
2010
; Because of environmental and health safety issues, it is necessary to develop strategies that do not rely on herbicides to manage weeds. Introducing temporary grassland into annual crop rotations and mechanical weeding are the two main features that are frequently used in integrated and organic cropping systems for this purpose. To evaluate the contribution of these two factors in interaction with other cropping system components and environmental conditions, the present study updated an existing biophysical model (i.e. AlomySys) that quantifies the effects of cropping system on weed dynamics. Based on previous experiments, new sub-models were built to describe the effects on plant survi…
Etude de la variabilité des propriétés physiques et hydrodynamiques d'un sol argileux sous l'effet de conduites en protection intégrée contre les adv…
2015
Integrated weed management (IWM)-based cropping systems are of great interest due to their significant reduction of herbicide inputs by using a complex combination of agricultural techniques. The main objective of our work was to contribute to the environmental dimension of the multi-criteria evaluation of IWM-based cropping systems which were set up since 2000 on the experimental domain of the National Institute for Agronomical Research (INRA) to Bretenière (France). The variability of physical and hydrodynamic soil properties involved in the transfer of water through the vadose zone was studied for the 5 cropping systems present on the experimental site (1 reference cropping system and 4 …
Variation of post-dispersal weed seed predation according to weed species, space and time
2008
International audience; Post-dispersal seed predation is an important source of mortality in plant populations. If this phenomenon is better known in tropical and woody systems, information is lacking for weeds in French agrosystems. In this paper, we evaluated seed predation variability in an organic wheat field by conducting experiments on weed seed preference and on spatial and temporal variation in predation rates. Weed seed predation preferences followed a species rank: Viola arvensis = Stellaria media > Alopecurus myosuroides = Chenopodium album > Sinapis arvensis = Anagallis arvensis = Galium aparine > > Plastic globules (for control), with weekly mean predation rates between 19 and …
Identification of sustainable cropping systems with high multi-sector performances
2014
International audience; Multicriteria assessment is needed to identify promising cropping systems with good performances on different components of sustainability. Some trade-offs between criteria may occur. A better knowledge about the relationship between criteria can help (i) to ide ntify cropping systems with high multi-sector performances (e.g. Castoldi et al., 2010; Firbank et al., 2013), and (ii) to guide policy makers’choices. In this paper, we present the early results from our multi-sector evaluation performed on data collected on cropping systems experiments.