Search results for "intelligence"

Developing a framework for designing humanitarian blockchain projects

2021

International audience; Blockchain technology promises to improve the efficiency, transparency, and accountability of humanitarian operations. Yet at the same time, especially the humanitarian context with its characteristic volatility poses unique challenges to any technology. Most prominent are the humanitarian principles that are fundamental to humanitarian operations. These ethical principles are set to protect the most vulnerable populations. Designing blockchain projects in the humanitarian context therefore requires a systematic framework that helps humanitarians make critical choices.While some design instructions can be found for commercial applications, the humanitarian context re…

Expliquer le comportement de robots distants à des utilisateurs humains : une approche orientée-agent

2020

With the widespread use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, understanding the behavior of intelligent agents and robots is crucial to guarantee smooth human-agent collaboration since it is not straightforward for humans to understand the agent’s state of mind. Recent studies in the goal-driven Explainable AI (XAI) domain have confirmed that explaining the agent’s behavior to humans fosters the latter’s understandability of the agent and increases its acceptability. However, providing overwhelming or unnecessary information may also confuse human users and cause misunderstandings. For these reasons, the parsimony of explanations has been outlined as one of the key features facilitating …

Improving IoT Communications Based on Smart Routing Algorithms

2018

International audience; Due to the recorded success by Internet of Things (IoT) technology, more and more domains use it as a communications and exchange network such as e-health, smart cities, vehicles, etc. IoT don’t stop integrating an important number of components and objects that are characterized by their complexity and heterogeneity. Such constraints make the existing routings protocols unsuitable for IoT communications. To accomplish all the expected tasks and satisfy the user services, it is important to guarantee a quality of communication that answers to the requirements of the various applications in terms of data and processing (availability, integrity, efficiency, etc.). The …

Temporal-range estimation of multiple objects: evidence for an early bottleneck.

2011

When making parallel time-to-contact (TTC) estimates of two approaching objects, the two respective TTC estimates interfere with one another in an asymmetric fashion. The TTC of the later-arriving object is systematically overestimated, while the estimated TTC for the first-arriving object is as accurate as in a condition presenting only a single object. This asymmetric interference points to a processing bottleneck that could be due to early (e.g., during the estimation of the TTC from the optic flow) or late (e.g., during the timing of the response or the motor execution) constraints in the TTC estimation process. We used a Sperling-like prediction-motion task to differentiate between the…

Local Distance and Dempster-Dhafer for Multi-Focus Image Fusion

2022

This work proposes a new method of fusion image using Dempster-Shafer theory and local variability (DST-LV). This method takes into account the behaviour of each pixel with its neighbours. It consists in calculating the quadratic distance between the value of the pixel I (x, y) of each point and the value of all the neighbouring pixels. Local variability is used to determine the mass function defined in DempsterShafer theory. The two classes of Dempster-Shafer theory studied are : the fuzzy part and the focused part. The results of the proposed method are significantly better when comparing them to results of other methods.

Competence as a Career Opportunity's Guarantor

2015

<p><em>The aim of the research is to investigate the essence of the notion ”competence” and the differences in the usage of the </em><em>career's terminology in semantic, methodological and pragmatic areas in academic theories of the second part of the 20 century; to work out evaluation criteria by comparing the succession of the </em><em>notions capacity. The research is based on the Latvian and international sources of scientific literature – books, magazines, sources in digital form, and etc. A </em><em>personality was </em><em>investigated holistically </em><em>( Džarviss (Jarvis, 2010); Devis (Dove, 1976); Kross (C…

Accelerometry - Simple, but challenging

2017

Depth-of-Field of the Accommodating Eye

2014

Our eyes project information from a three-dimensional world to a basically two-dimensional surface, corresponding to the photoreceptor plane in the retina. In theory, only one plane or surface of world can be in focus at one time. However, the eye exhibits a certain tolerance to out-of-focus images, a feature that is known as depth-of-focus (DOF). The corresponding distance range in which the objects are seen “clearly” is known as depth-of-field (DOFi). Although DOF and DOFi refer to an interval of distances or a dioptric range in the image and object space, respectively, both parameters define a similar concept and are usually interchangeable. This article will mainly refer to DOFi because…

S’imprégner de la démarche réflexive pour favoriser la transformation des pratiques pédagogiques dans l’enseignement supérieur

2022

Il existe actuellement une tendance générale de l’enseignement supérieur vers les pratiques réflexives et la professionnalisation, dont le Portfolio d’Apprentissage et d'Évaluation fait partie (Petit et al., 2018). La réforme des IUTs de 2021 a imposé, entre autres, à tous les IUTs de France de s’engager dans une démarche de déploiement de la méthode portfolio. Son pilotage implique l’appropriation de la démarche et la collaboration de différents acteurs et services pour accompagner les étudiants et les enseignants à transformer leurs pratiques respectives (Lalle et Bonnafous, 2019). Sur la base du modèle du praticien réflexif (Schön, 1983; Slepcevic-Zach et Stock, 2018) et en mobilisant l’…

Geostatistical computing of acoustic maps in the presence of barriers

2009

Acoustic maps are the main diagnostic tools used by authorities for addressing the growing problem of urban acoustic contamination. Geostatistics models phenomena with spatial variation, but restricted to homogeneous prediction regions. The presence of barriers such as buildings introduces discontinuities in prediction areas. In this paper we investigate how to incorporate information of a geographical nature into the process of geostatistical prediction. In addition, we study the use of a Cost-Based distance to quantify the correlation between locations.