Search results for "intensity"
showing 10 items of 1091 documents
Using repeated ingestion to determine the effect of sweetness, viscosity and oiliness on temporal perception of soymilk astringency
1999
Abstract Astringency is a persistent sensation which increases upon repeated ingestion. To evaluate the effect of viscosity, sucrose and oil on perception of astringency during consumption of soymilk, a sequential sipping time–intensity (TI) procedure was utilized. For each soymilk, judges sipped the first of four ingestions and initiated the continuous recording of astringency intensity. Each sip was expectorated at 10 s after ingestion, and sipped 10 s after expectoration of the previous stimulus. After the fourth sample, judges rated astringency for 30 s. Traditional TI parameters, as well as rate of onset for each sip and increase in maximum intensity per sip were extracted from the TI …
Stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) in the vicinity of North Atlantic cyclones
2015
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15 (19)
The effect of observation timescales on the characterisation of extreme Mediterranean precipitation
2018
Abstract. This paper analyses the behaviour of five rainfall indicators (maximum intensity, cumulative rainfall, irregularity, probability of rain and persistence of rain) over different observation timescales ranging from 5 min to 24 h. It covers a large area on the Mediterranean side of the Iberian Peninsula (River Júcar Water Authority, 43 000 km2) on a continuous basis over a period of 14 years (1994–2007). The results show that the behaviour of extreme Mediterranean rainfall is heavily dependent on the observation timescale. There are a number of turning points in the indicator trends which occur on different timescales (1 and 6 h in the case of rain intensity and irregularity, 6 h for…
Generalized Fatigue Criterion of maximum shear and normal strains on the fracture plane for materials under multiaxial random loadings
1991
A generalized fatigue criterion for materials under multiaxial random loadings is presented. The criterion is based on the assumption that shear and normal strain on the expected fracture plane – shear strain in one direction on this plane is considered – determine the fracture plane. It has been shown that the well known fatigue criteria of maximum normal strain, maximum shear strain and the criterion of maximum shear and normal strains on the critical shear plane result from the newly formulated criterion.
A method for evaluating rainfall kinetic power by a characteristic drop diameter
2019
Abstract Empirical relationships linking kinetic energy to rainfall intensity are commonly used to estimate rainfall erosivity. In this paper, using the drop-size distribution (DSD) proposed by Marshall and Palmer, a relationship for calculating the rainfall kinetic power was firstly deduced. This equation requires the simultaneous measurement of both the median volume diameter and the rainfall intensity and its application also reveals the drawback of needing the measurement of the whole DSD by an expensive disdrometric technique. Then, using a fictitious precipitation, which is both constituted by droplets having the same diameter (mean volume diameter) and having the same volume of the a…
Reliability of rainfall kinetic power-intensity relationships
2017
The rainfall erosivity plays a fundamental role in water soil erosion processes and it can be expressed by its kinetic power. At first in this paper the raindrop size distributions measured, in the period June 2006- March 2014, by an optical disdrometer installed at the Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of University of Palermo are aggregated into rainfall intensity classes, having different ranges, and the measured kinetic power values are determined. Measured kinetic power values are initially used for testing the applicability of the kinetic power-rainfall intensity relationships proposed by Wischmeier and Smith (1978), used in Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), Brown an…
Intensità degli scambi agroalimentari tra i Paesi del bacino del Mediterraneo
2013
The Mediterranean has always been an area of strategic interest for the European Union (eu), which, since its establishment, has woven a compact network of relationships with its trading partners in the South and East of the Mediterranean, signing cooperation and then associative agreements with them. This study aims to present a view of how the agro-food trade network has evolved between the eu’s Mediterranean partner countries and their neighbors in North Africa and the Near East. To measure the extent of this trade specific indicators are used which are also widely used in economic literature, albeit to analyze trade in sectors unconnected to agro-food. In particular, analyses carried ou…
Intensity of Italy's agri-food trade with countries outside the EU Mediterranean
2013
This paper aims to present a framework of trade relations between Italy and the countries of southern and eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. More specifically, using the indicators proposed in the analysis of international trade, we want to analyse the intensity of trade in agri-food products and the strength of trade ties between the bordering Mediterranean countries. The analysis of the intensity of trade flows of food products from Italy and the partner countries of North Africa and the Near East has allowed us to trace a network of flows between the countries in the area. If we can see an overall weakening of the agri-food trade, the analysis for individual partner states, however…
Empirical study of extreme rainfall intensity in a semi-arid environment at different time scales
2014
Abstract Mediterranean environments are typical of semi-arid regions, dominated by episodes of torrential rain in which the critical variable is not the total rainfall, but the intensity. This paper studies the maximum rainfall intensities at different observation time scales, from 5 min to 24 h, over eastern Spain from 1994 to 2007. The statistical rainfall characteristics for each time scale are analysed and the effects of specific geographical factors – altitude, aspect and distance to the sea – for each observation interval are tested. The results show that extreme intensities are heavily dependent on the time scale. There are two important turning points in this trend, at 1 h and 6 h. …
Astronomic forcing on the planktonic foraminifera assemblage in the Piacenzian Punta Piccola section (southern Italy)
2006
[1] A high-resolution quantitative analysis of the calcareous planktonic assemblages (planktonic foraminifers and calcareous nannofossils) at the Punta Piccola section (at the base of which, the global standard stratotype-section and point of the Piacenzian stage is defined) provided a more accurate biostratigraphy for the Mediterranean middle Pliocene (2.6–3.6 Ma). In particular, an astronomically calibrated age of 2.87 Ma was estimated for the Pliocene first occurrence of Neogloboquadrina atlantica instead of the younger previously proposed age of 2.72 Ma. Spectral analysis performed on the Globigerinoides species (spp.) planktonic foraminifera assemblage along with cross-spectral analysi…