Search results for "intermediate"
showing 10 items of 440 documents
Radiative 2D Shocks, Super-Eddington Disks and Jets around Black Holes
2005
It is well known that rotating inviscid accretion flows with adequate injection parameters around black holes could form shock waves close to the black holes, after the flow passes through the outer sonic point and can be virtually stopped by the centrifugal force. Such shock waves in 2D accretion flows are examined by 2D radiation hydrodynamical calculations. We also examine super‐Eddington accretion disks with 15 ṀE around black holes, focusing on a small collimation degree of the jet and a large mass‐outflow rate observed in the X‐ray source SS 433.
Radiative Shocks in Rotating Accretion Flows around Black Holes
2004
It is well known that the rotating inviscid accretion flows with adequate injection parameters around black holes could form shock waves close to the black holes, after the flow passes through the outer sonic point and can be virtually stopped by the centrifugal force. We examine numerically such shock waves in 1D and 2D accretion flows, taking account of cooling and heating of the gas and radiation transport. The numerical results show that the shock location shifts outward compared with that in the adiabatic solutions and that the more rarefied ambient density leads to the more outward shock location. In the 2D-flow, we find an intermediate frequency QPO behavior of the shock location as …
Interactions related to non-host snails in the host-finding process of Euparyphium albuferensis and Echinostoma friedi (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) …
2003
In order to determine whether the miracidia of Euparyphium albuferensis and Echinostoma friedi are sensitive to their host snail (HS) and capable of discriminating between HS and non-host snails (NHS), or whether these NHS can interfere and thus reduce the infection rates (decoy effect), a total of three experiments were conducted with HS, NHS and snail-conditioned water (SCW). Gyraulus chinensis is the HS for E. albuferensis miracidia, while Physa acuta, Radix peregra and Lymnaea fuscus are considered NHS. For E. friedi miracidia R. peregra, G. chinensis and L. fuscus are the HS, while P. acuta is the NHS. The NHS R. peregra produces the greatest decoy effect on Euparyphium albuferensis mi…
Miracidial infectivity of Hypoderaeum conoideum (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae): differential susceptibility of two lymnaeid species.
1999
A study was made of the infectivity of Hypoderaeum conoideum miracidia to a range of laboratory-reared specimens of freshwater snail species (Lymnaea peregra, L. corvus, Physella acuta, and Gyraulus chinensis) that coexist with the parasite in the same natural habitat. L. peregra and L. corvus were found to be equally susceptible to the parasite when specimens of each snail species were singly exposed to miracidia. However, when miracidia could choose either lymnaeid species, they showed a high degree of specificity toward L. peregra. The results obtained suggest that H. conoideum miracidia are capable of distinguishing among these lymnaeids in their orientation to the host. This indicates …
The life cycle ofBrachylaima ruminae n. sp. (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae), a parasite of rodents
1986
The life cycle of Brachylaima ruminae n.sp. (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae), a duodenal parasite of rodents on the Mediterranean island of Formentera (Spain) is elucidated. The new species follows a terrestrial triheteroxenous life cycle. Eggs passed in the faeces of the definitive host must be ingested by a specific first intermediate host, the land snail Rumina decollata. Branched cercariogenous sporocysts develop in the digestive gland. Microcercous cercariae come out through the terminal birth pores of the branches. Cercariae shed by the snail are terrestrial, crawling on humid substratum. They contact the second intermediate host, another land snail, principally the species R. decollata an…
Curative therapies are superior to standard of care (transarterial chemoembolization) for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma.
2017
Background and aims the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer intermediate stage (BCLC-B) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) includes extremely heterogeneous patients in terms of tumor burden and liver function. Transarterial-chemoembolization (TACE) is the first-line treatment for these patients although it may be risky/useless for someone, while others could undergo curative treatments. This study assesses the treatment type performed in a large cohort of BCLC-B patients and its outcome. Methods retrospective analysis of 485 consecutive BCLC-B patients from the ITA.LI.CA database diagnosed with naive HCC after 1999. Patients were stratified by treatment. Results 29 patients (6%) were lost to follo…
Transarterial chemoembolization and sorafenib in patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: time to enter routine clinical practice?
2015
According to the guidelines of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), patients affected from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be classified according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system. This classification system divides HCC patients in five stages (0, A, B, C and D) on the basis of a number of prognostic and treatment- related variables such as tumor status and liver function. A specific treat ment approach is then proposed for each of the above-mentioned stages. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is recommended as first-line therapy in the treatment of patients with intermediate-stage (BCLC-B class) HCC [1]. The efficacy of this procedure…
Occurrence of a sibling species complex within neotropical lymnaeids, snail intermediate hosts of fascioliasis.
2002
The delimitation of cryptic species within the genus Lymnaea, which are the main vectors of fascioliasis, remains a topic of controversy. An analysis of genetic variability based on 12 enzyme loci revealed different fixed alleles at 9 loci between two sympatric samples of Lymnaea viatrix at the type locality in Lima, Peru. The absence of heterozygotes within this locality indicates the presence of isolated populations or cryptic species within L. viatrix. Significant genetic differences were also found between these two L. viatrix samples from Lima and other populations of L. viatrix in South America and in addition to species such as L. truncatula, L. cubensis and L. columella. Moreover, t…
Orthometalation reactions in trifluoroacetate dirhodium(II) compounds. Molecular structure of Rh2(O2CCF3)2[(C6H4)PPh2]2·(PPh3)2·2(C7H8)
1994
Abstract Rh 2 (O 2 CCF 3 ) 3 [(C 6 H 4 )PPh 2 ]·(HO 2 CCF 3 ) 2 reacts with PPh 3 yielding the doubly metalated compound Rh 2 (O 2 CCH 3 ) 2− [(C 6 H 4 )PPh 2 ] 2 ·(HO 2 CCF 3 ) 2 . The reaction proceeds via a reactive intermediate with an equatorial phosphine, Rh 2 (η 2 -O 2 CCF 3 )(μ-O 2 CCF 3 ) 2 [(C 6 H 4 )PPh 2 ](PPh 3 )·(HO 2 CCF 3 ), which can also be generated in moderate yield under photochemical conditions. The structure of the PPh 3 bis-adduct Rh 2 (O 2 CCF 3 ) 2 [(C 6 H 4 )PPh 2 ] 2 ·(PPh 3 ) 2 ·2(C 7 H 8 ) has been determined by X-ray diffraction. M r =1663.27, orthorhombic, space group Fdd 2, a =41.748(9), b =21.620(5), c =17.375(5) A, V =15683(6) A 3 , Z =8, D x =1.41 g cm −3…
An unprecedented, bridged dihydrogen complex of a cofacial metallodiporphyrin and its relevance to the bimolecular reductive elimination of hydrogen
1990
Recently, the authors characterized the first metalloporphyrin dihydrogen complex, Os(OEP)(H{sub 2}), and proposed that a similar ruthenium porphyrin dihydrogen complex, Ru(OEP)(H{sub 2}), is involved as an intermediate in the catalytic H/D isotopic exchange between water and hydrogen. They now report that treatment of a metal-metal-bonded cofacial ruthenium porphyrin dimer with a sterically bulky ligand in the presence of hydrogen gas has yielded the first known complex containing a dihydrogen ligand bound between two metals. Such a bridged dihydrogen complex is proposed as an intermediate in the bimolecular elimination of dihydrogen from two metalloporphyrin hydrides.