Search results for "international trade"

Succulent Plants, A guide to CITES-listed species

2017

This guide covers the main succulent species, other than cacti, regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). It provides information on the implementation of the Convention for these species with details on their distribution, uses, traded parts and derivatives, and scientific names. It is written for the non-expert and additional sections cover identification, guidance on CITES documentation and key resources.

Regulating Internet Trade in CITES Species

2013

International trade in species that are or may be endangered by collection from the wild is regulated under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora (CITES) for 176 member States (Parties). Internet commerce is a relatively new route for such trade. In 2007, the CITES Secretariat asked Parties to collect information on internet wildlife trade and report problems and implemented regulations. The reports indicated it was difficult to even approximate the influence of e-commerce on CITES-listed species (CITES Secretariat 2009). We report a case study in which we quantified international transactions over an internet auction site of CITES-listed cacti …

Structural change in a Ricardian world economy: The role of extensive rent

2019

Abstract We study an implication of the Ricardian theory of differential extensive rent in a free trade regime. To this effect we develop a Ricardian two country two commodity open economy model. We assume that, unlike labour, land is heterogeneous both within and across countries and that the ratio of high to low quality land is different among the trading countries. By means of a numerical example we show that as the process of worldwide capital accumulation (and population growth) proceeds an industrial country may find it convenient to increase its domestic corn production and even reverse completely the pattern of its imports and exports.

Towards a New European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP): What Benefits of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreements (DCFTAs) for Shared Prosperity a…

2016

This article examines the problem of the ENP countries’ integration with the EU market from two perspectives: the macroeconomic situation as an integral component of the overall transformation process and the integration with the EU markets, and the political economy of the regional integration perspectives of these countries. This methodological approach serves as a tool for integrating a number of main goals related to the EU’s soft power that require the development and support of civil society in the neighbouring states. This contribution aims to offer insight in the implementation of the regional arrangements, taking into consideration new political and economic realities in the Eurasi…

Franchising in Russia

2006

Maritime Trade and Merchant Shipping: The Shipping/Trade-Ratio from the 1870s Until Today.

2016

This paper discusses the development of countries’ market shares in world shipping over the last 150 years. The analysis is based upon a new and purpose-built indicator: the shipping/trade-ratio. This indicator presents the relationship between the merchant marine of a country and the country’s role in world trade. Analysis of the shipping/trade-ratio identifies two important developments. First, although the share of the world fleet registered in Europe has dropped significantly, Europe’s role in world shipping over the last fifty years has been more stable than is commonly perceived. Second, there appears to have been an increasing specialisation in the world shipping industry, both among…

Assessing the Enlargement and Deepening of the European Union

2008

This paper estimates a theoreticallymotivated gravity model to examine the effect of the European Union (EU) on trade and whet her the order of entry has affected the trade performance of member countries. Additionally, we analyse the impact of the diffe rent phases of EU integration on trade. The results show that both original countries and successive enlargements boost intra-b loc trade. Moreover, the results suggest that the deepening in the integration process has led to more trade creation among members. Finally, only the latter ph ase of the European integration process (the single currency) has increased trade with non-members.

Against the Grain: Spanish Trade Policy in the Interwar Years

2021

Estudiamos los efectos de los conflictos internos y los shocks externos sobre la política comercial española en el período de entreguerras. We study the effects of domestic conflict and external shocks on Spanish trade policy in the interwar period. Our account mobilizes a new granular dataset on exports and imports, and good-country level information on tariffs, trade agreements, and quotas. Into the Depression, the mainstay of policy was the tariff. The establishment of the Second Republic in 1931 was a turning point in policymaking. The new regime initiated bilateral trade negotiations. The Republic’s dilemma was to find countries willing to exchange market access. In a daunting internat…

External effects of domestic regulations: comparing internal and international barriers to trade

2001

Abstract In a world in which barriers to trade at all levels—international and internal—are mostly a by-product of the implementation by governments of different regulatory policies to deal with “domestic” or “local” problems such as environmental degradation, health, and labor standards, the article purports to show how the mechanisms that are set in motion by the operation of competition among the governments inhabiting the different jurisdictional tiers of federal countries lead to outcomes that are different from those generated by the ‘agreed-upon’ rules that govern the relations of national governments with each other in matters of international trade.

Europäische Handels- und Agrarpolitik gegenüber Afrika Mit einem kritischen Blick auf den Beitrag der Wirtschaftswissenschaften

2018

Abstract European trade policy with Africa is in deep trouble. We observe a triple policy failure. (1) The EU tries to draw African partner countries into comprehensive deep integration agreements, far more than these countries can arguably support. (2) For trade in goods, safeguard clauses in the EPAs are patchy. They cannot satisfy African needs for smart protection of agricultural and industrial businesses. Facing the refusal of some African governments to sign, the EU has no answer. Ensuing fragmentation of African regional economic communities is a disaster. Rapid repair work of the existing regional EPA drafts looks more promising than a grand solution with the new African Continental…