Search results for "internet"

Evaluating a bound for MANETs routing protocols performance using graphs with activation windows

2008

In this paper we present an algorithm called STPA (shortest time path algorithm) which aims at providing a comparison tool for the evaluation of a bound for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) routing protocols performance. STPA provides an exhaustive evaluation of an ideal routing protocol. Based on the current position and state of the nodes it can determine factors like: how many complete messages get to the destination, which is the smallest amount of time required by a packet to get to the destination, which path followed each packet, and so on. This values would allow a protocol designer to improve or fine tune his proposal. We demonstrate that the complexity of the algorithm is O(sigma2)…

An optimized path-selection using airtime metric in OLSR networks: Implementation and testing

2008

Wireless mesh networks used for broadband access may be equipped with multiple Internet gateways. Using airtime metric as the main criterion for path selection is an effective method for achieving load-balancing in such a multi-homed mesh network. In this paper, we describe how the radio-aware path selection using airtime as a metric can be implemented in order to achieve this functionality, based on a modified version of an open source OLSR implementation. The paper presents both the principle of this method, its implementation and the empirical results which focus on testing the airtime metric functionality based on a deployed small-scale test network.

Performance Analysis in Spatially Correlated IEEE 802.11 Networks

2012

Wireless mesh networks are difficult to be characterized, especially under multi-hop traffic streams. The problem is that the local view of the channel and the correlation between the buffers of consecutive nodes in a stream path make complicated the identification of the contention level perceived by each station along the time. Such a figure is used in the models based on the so called decoupling assumption for evaluating the final scheduling of simultaneous channel access grants. In this paper we propose a simplified mesh network model focused on capturing the correlation due to the network topology and traffic routes rather than the access protocol state at each node. To this purpose, w…

Throughput and energy efficiency comparison of one-hop, two-hop, virtual relay and cooperative retransmission schemes

2010

Two main types of approaches exist for implementing cooperative communications at the MAC layer: virtual-hop relay and cooperative retransmission. While the virtual-hop relay schemes employ relay nodes to forward packets when higher end-to-end throughput can be achieved compared with the direct transmission, the cooperative retransmission schemes use relays to retransmit data only after the direct transmission fails. However, the performance of the these different approaches has not been compared in the literature, especially when energy efficiency is considered. In order to find out the best transmission scheme, this paper evaluates and compares the performance of the one-hop direct transm…

Latency factor in worldwide IP routed networks

2014

Current Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) serves for worldwide internet backbone connections between different Autonomous Systems (AS) on the routing level. Continuously in real-time changing environment core routers calculate routing decisions based on path-vector database entries. AS path-vector database may contain multiple paths for various Internet Protocol (IP) prefix destinations where smallest entity in the path-vector is AS. In real world AS can be internet service operator, university or any other organization willing to participate in internet network via multi-homed uplinks. Unfortunately, internal part of AS is hidden in path-vector database thus excluding factors like latency, pac…

Broadband Internet Access via Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks: Design, Protocol and Experiments

2010

Published version of an article from the journal: Wireless Personal Communications. The original publication is available at Spingerlink. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-009-9907-9 While bandwidth for Internet access in urban areas is steadily increasing in recent years, many rural areas are still suffering from the effect of the digital divide. This paper presents a broadband Internet access paradigm developed in the context of the ADHOCSYS project, which was financed by the European Commission under the 6th Framework Program Information and Society Technologies, within the strategic objective of Broadband for All. Aiming at providing reliable Internet access in rural and mountainous regi…

A hybrid bio-inspired approach to solving the routing problem in mobile ad hoc networks

2018

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile hosts (nodes) connected by a wireless link. However, the problem of designing routing protocols poses challenges to researchers due to the unpredictable and dynamic nature of ad hoc networks. Hence, bio-inspired algorithms are widely used to design adaptive routing strategies for MANETs. This paper proposes a routing protocol based on the hybridisation of ant colony optimisation (ACO) and 2-opt heuristic with the optimisation of ACO parameters. Given the vast scope of the parameters, a genetic algorithm is used to minimise the complexity of the problem. The implementation of the method is realised by MATLAB. To valid the resu…

Do Women in Nepal Like Playing a Mobile Game? MANTRA: A Mobile Gamified App for Improving Healthcare Seeking Behavior in Rural Nepal

2021

In Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC), one of the causes of maternal and child mortality is a lack of medical knowledge and consequently the inability to seek timely healthcare. Mobile health (mHealth) technology is gradually becoming a universal intervention platform across the globe due to ubiquity of mobile phones and network coverage. MANTRA is a novel mHealth intervention developed to tackle maternal and child health issues through a serious mobile game app in rural Nepal, which demonstrated a statistically significant knowledge improvement in rural women. This paper explores the perceptions and usability of the MANTRA app amongst rural women and Female Community Health Volunteers …

2020

Abstract This article explores trolling as a form of literary activity. It presents a number of specific types of trolling on the Russian-language Internet in connection with digital literature and the literary practices of various groups of Internet users. Techniques for writing provocative “troll-texts” were created and developed within subcultural groups in the 1990s. Later, from being a subversive practice known only to a few insiders, it became a mass technique described in meta-texts that identified rules for trolling and shared facts about its culture with all interested users. In the 2010s, the now popularised techniques of trolling came to be seen as effective strategies to deploy …

The occupation of Runet? : The tightening state regulation of the Russian-language section of the internet

2019

In this chapter, we scrutinise the Russian state’s regulation for political purposes of the Russian-language section of the internet or ‘Runet’, as it is often dubbed in Russia. We will focus on those regulative actions which came into force during and after the protest wave in Russia in 2011–2013. Internet and social media played an important role in the mobilisation of these protests that challenged the legitimacy of the ruling elite. We argue that the protests marked a watershed moment in the Russian government’s information policy, which had previously mainly functioned through the control of the federal Russian TV channels. After the protests, the Kremlin mounted a campaign to regulate…