Search results for "intracranial pressure"
showing 10 items of 82 documents
Hyperventilation in Adult TBI Patients: How to Approach It?
2021
Hyperventilation is a commonly used therapy to treat intracranial hypertension (ICTH) in traumatic brain injury patients (TBI). Hyperventilation promotes hypocapnia, which causes vasoconstriction in the cerebral arterioles and thus reduces cerebral blood flow and, to a lesser extent, cerebral blood volume effectively, decreasing temporarily intracranial pressure. However, hyperventilation can have serious systemic and cerebral deleterious effects, such as ventilator-induced lung injury or cerebral ischemia. The routine use of this therapy is therefore not recommended. Conversely, in specific conditions, such as refractory ICHT and imminent brain herniation, it can be an effective life-savin…
First clinical results with a new telemetric intracranial pressure-monitoring system.
2011
Background The knowledge of intracranial pressure (ICP) is the basis of an appropriate neurosurgical treatment. Because clinical, fundoscopic, or radiological data alone are often elusive, a pre- or postoperative long-term monitoring of the ICP itself is desirable. Objective We describe the first clinical experiences with a new telemetric ICP-monitoring device. Methods The transducer of this telemetric intraparenchymal pressure probe is placed under the galea over the calvaria. ICP can be monitored via a special telemetric reader, placed over the intact skin, and the ICP values are stored in a small portable computer. The system does not require an intensive care environment and can be used…
Pacientu ar ventrikulāro stomu aprūpe intensīvās terapijas un reanimācijas nodaļā
2018
Bakalaura darba tēma ir “Pacientu ar ventrikulāro stomu aprūpe intensīvās terapijas un reanimācijas nodaļā”. Smaga galvas smadzeņu trauma visbiežāk ir 15-35 gadu veciem cilvēkiem, un tā ir 1/3 ar traumatismu saistītu nāves gadījumu. Pieejamā medicīnas statistika liecina, ka gadā no katriem 100.000 iedzīvotājiem 150-200 tiek ievietoti stacionārā intensīvās terapijas nodaļā, galvas traumas dēļ. No hospitalizētiem pacientiem 8-11% ir galvas trauma ir ar 30-60% letalitāti. Smagas galvas traumas rada divējādus bojājumus – primārus un sekundārus, kas ir viens no nāves un invaliditātes cēloņiem pacientiem līdz 40 gadu vecumam, kā arī, galvenais, kvalitatīvas dzīves gadu zaudējuma iemesls. Tēmas ak…
Tissue Oxygenation in Normal and Edematous Brain Cortex During Arterial Hypocapnia
1984
Since arterial hypocapnia causes a cerebral blood flow decrease, hypocapnic conditions are induced in patients with severe traumatic brain injury by controlled hyperventilation in order to reduce the intracranial pressure (Gordon, 1971). Beneficial effects on the clinical course of patients, however, can be observed only under conditions of moderate hypocapnia. As shown by animal experiments severe arterial hypocapnia results in insufficient oxygen supply conditions in brain tissue (Grote et al., 1981), which subsequently influences the brain metabolism (Granholm et al., 1969, 1971) and counteracts the influence of hypocapnia on cerebral blood flow regulation (Grote et al., 1981). The prese…
Hipertensión endocraneal asociada a la sedación con sevoflurano mediante el dispositivo AnaConDa®en un paciente con traumatismo craneoencefálico seve…
2013
Sedation in neurocritical patients remains a challenge as there is no drug that meets all the requirements. Since the appearance of the AnaConDa® device, and according to the latest recommendations, sevoflurane has become an alternative for patients with brain injury. The use of AnaConDa® produces an increase in the anatomical dead space that leads to a decrease in alveolar ventilation. If the decrease in the alveolar ventilation is not offset by an increase in minute volume, there will be an increase in PaCO2. We report the case of a patient with severe traumatic brain injury who suffered an increase in intracranial pressure as a result of increased PaCO2 after starting sedation with the A…
Concept and Treatment of Hydrocephalus in the Greco-Roman and Early Arabic Medicine
2007
In the ancient medical literature hydrocephalus was not often described although its existence and symptomatology were well known. Most detailed descriptions of hydrocephalus including the surgical treatment are extant in the encyclopaedic works on medicine of the physicians Oreibasios and Aetios from Amida from the 4th and 6th centuries AD, respectively. Because of their broad scientific interests, this type of physicians, typical for the late Roman empire, were known as philosophy-physicians (iota alpha tau rho o sigma o phi iota sigma tau alpha iota). They defined hydrocephalus in contrast to our present understanding as a fluid collection excluding abscesses visible as a bulging tumour …
Effects of Various Therapeutic Management on Raised Intracranial Pressure and on Dynamics Brain Edema in Brain Abscess Model in Cats
1983
In spite of the improved antibiotic treatment of brain abscess, the mortality remains high, between 30% and 40% (2,3). With the help of effective antibiotic treatment it is possible to bring the inflammatory Part of the lesion under control, but not the space-occupying element which is determined by the inflammatory brain edema. Any improvement in the results will therefore have to wait until an effective antiedematous treatment has also been developed. The aim of our previously described investigations on experimental brain abscess in cats (3) was to demonstrate that only the additional treatment with steroids as well as the antibiotics results in an improvement in the final outcome.
The Effect of Intracranial Pressure on Perifocal Hyperemia
1969
It is known that a reversiblecortical trauma caused by local brain compression in the cat is accompanied by a pronounced decrease of rCBF at the compressed area and by a transient perifocal hyperemia [1].
A nonlinear biomechanical model for evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid shunt systems.
1994
In view of complications arising from physical properties of cerebrospinal fluid shunts, a biomechanical model of hydrocephalus was set up to study in vivo parameters that may influence their function. These include: intracranial pressure, compliance and pulses, intrathoracic, intra-abdominal, and subcutaneous pressures, and the effects of siphonage and repeated valve flushing. Each of these factors was studied separately upon shunt implantation in the model. Results of testing of a sample low-pressure valve with antisiphon device conformed with consumer information in regard to valve opening pressure and pressure flow measurements. No customer information, however, was supplied concerning …
Effects of Age and Sex on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.
2020
The measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been reported as a non-invasive marker for intracranial pressure (ICP). Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether possible ONSD differences occur with age and sex in healthy and brain-injured populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sex and age on ONSD in healthy volunteers and patients with traumatic brain injury. We prospectively included 122 healthy adult volunteers (Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy), and compared age/sex dependence of ONSD to 95 adult patients (Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK) with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring intubation and invasive ICP monitoring. The two groups we…