Search results for "jel:R1"
showing 10 items of 48 documents
Qualitative methods of structural analysis : layer-based methods are informationally trivial
2000
Some methods of qualitative structural analysis, as MFA, are based on the analysis of layers (flow matrices generated at each iteration when the equilibrium of an input-output model is computed). MFA mixes the analysis of the pure structure of production (the technical coefficients) and of the final demand. I have demonstrated that all column-coefficient matrices (or row-coefficient matrices) computed from each layer are the same in MFA: the information brought by one layer is identical to those of another layer. For a given structure of production, the only element of variability over layers is caused by the flows that final demand generates.If the new definition of layers proposed by the …
The European concept of city: An application to Spain
2014
Este trabajo presenta un ejercicio de determinación de ciudades a partir de los criterios desarrollados en el seno de Eurostat y la DG-Regio. El concepto de ciudad se vincula a los centros de decisión a nivel local, es decir se trata de «ciudades administrativas» en el sentido de que están constituidas por un municipio o agrupación de municipios físicamente contiguos. No se trata de aglomeraciones puras de población, que satisfacen ciertos criterios de densidad y volumen mínimo, sino que, partiendo de estas aglomeraciones, a las que denominaremos centros urbanos, se las vincula a los municipios a partir de reglas prefijadas. Las limitaciones principales de este enfoque son fundamentalmente …
Social capital and economic growth in Europe: nonlinear trends and heterogeneous regional effects
2016
After two decades of academic debate on the social capital-growth nexus, discussion still remains open. Most of the literature so far, however, has followed the one-size-its-all approach, neglecting that the great disparities across geographical units might have implications in this relationship. This article analyzes the role of two social capital indicators on the growth of 237 European regions in the period 1995–2007 by implementing a set of both parametric and non- parametric regressions. Whereas the former impose a linear functional form for the parameters, the latter relax this assumption providing a flexible frame in which the functional form is given by the data. The technique also …
Estimation des effets de proximité dans le processus de convergence régionale : une approche par l'économétrie spatiale sur 92 régions européennes (1…
2002
L'objectif de cet article est d'examiner les conséquences de la dépendance spatiale sur la croissance régionale et le processus de convergence. Sur un échantillon de 92 régions européennes sur la période 1980-1995, nous montrons que le modèle de b-convergence absolue doit être re-spécifié en raison de la présence d'auto-corrélation spatiale. Les méthodes de l'économétrie spatiale nous orientent vers une spécification avec erreurs spatialement auto-corrélées qui nous permet de mettre en évidence un effet de débordement géographique. Nous montrons ainsi que le taux de croissance d'une région est influencé positivement par les taux de croissance des régions contiguës.
Mutations urbaines et logiques de localisation des emplois: le cas de la Communauté de l'agglomération dijonnaise (1990, 1999).
2004
The aim of this paper is to analyze the spatial changes in the Dijon urban area (COMADI) by studying in particular the new tendencies of localization of the high order producer services. Our results display a multicentric structure of the COMADI which exhibits several employment poles. Not only the economic composition of these poles differs between the central pole and the peripheral ones but this composition changes over the study period (1990-1999). New localization logics appear for the high order services : if the historical center remains specialized in financial activities, insurance and real estate (FIRE), the other producer services are more likely to be localized in the periphery.…
Une analyse exploratoire des disparités régionales dans l'Europe élargie
2005
http://www.regionetdeveloppement.u-3mrs.fr/; National audience; L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les inégalités régionales dans l'Union Européenne élargie à l'aide de l'Analyse Exploratoire des Données Spatiales appliquée aux PIB par tête des 258 régions de l'Europe des 27 sur la période 1995-2000. Les résultats montrent l'existence d'une forte autocorrélation spatiale globale et locale ainsi qu'une forte hétérogénéité dans la distribution des richesses. Ils montrent également un changement de polarisation, puisque l'élargissement conduit à un schéma de polarisation Nord-Ouest - Est à la place du schéma Nord-Sud traditionnellement mis en évidence dans la littérature. Finalement, cet…
''Dual'' gravity: Using spatial econometrics to control for multilateral resistance.
2007
We propose a quantity-based `dual' version of the gravity equation that yields an estimating equation with both cross-sectional interdependence and spatially lagged error terms. Such an equation can be concisely estimated using spatial econometric techniques. We illustrate this methodology by applying it to the Canada-U.S. data set used previously, among others, by Anderson and van Wincoop (2003) and Feenstra (2002, 2004). Our key result is to show that controlling directly for spatial interdependence across trade flows, as suggested by theory, significantly reduces border effects because it captures `multilateral resistance'. Using a spatial autoregressive moving average specification, we …
Growth and convergence in Africa: The impact of spatial effects
2010
The aim of this paper is to study the impact of spatial effects on convergence process in Africa over the period 1975-2000. Taking into account these effects through the methodology of Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and spatial econometrics, we focus on the geographical dimension of economic convergence of African countries. This allows us to deal with spatial autocorrelation which is a consequence of econometric interdependences due to geographic spillovers. Indeed, countries economic performance hides specific geographical patterns providing information on the importance of location on economic dynamics. Our results prove the existence of convergence process in Africa through a …
Pareto or log-normal? A recursive-truncation approach to the distribution of (all) cities
2012
Traditionally, it is assumed that the population size of cities in a country follows a Pareto distribution. This assumption is typically supported by finding evidence of Zipf's Law. Recent studies question this finding, highlighting that, while the Pareto distribution may fit reasonably well when the data is truncated at the upper tail, i.e. for the largest cities of a country, the log-normal distribution may apply when all cities are considered. Moreover, conclusions may be sensitive to the choice of a particular truncation threshold, a yet overlooked issue in the literature. In this paper, then, we reassess the city size distribution in relation to its sensitivity to the choice of truncat…
Smart Cities and a Stochastic Frontier Analysis: A Comparison among European Cities
2013
The level of interest in smart cities is growing, and the recent literature on this topic (Holland, 2008; Caragliu et al., 2009, Nijkamp et al., 2011 and Lombardi et al., 2012) identifies a number of factors that characterise a city as smart, such as economic development, environment, human capital, culture and leisure, and e-governance. Thus, the smartness concept is strictly linked to urban efficiency in a multifaceted way. A seminal research for European policy conducted by Giffinger et al. (2007) defines a smart city on the basis of several intangible indicators, such as a smart economy, smart mobility, smart environment, smart people, smart living, and smart governance. These authors’ …