Search results for "kain"
showing 10 items of 139 documents
Kaukana Kainuussa, valtaväylän varrella : etnologinen tutkimus Kontiomäen rautatieläisyhteisön elinkaaresta 1950-1972
2004
FL Kimmo Lagerblomin etnologian väitöskirjan ”Kaukana Kainuussa, valtaväylän varrella. Etnologinen elinkaaritutkimus Kontiomäen rautatieläisyhteisöstä vuosina 1950-1973.” tarkastustilaisuus. Vastaväittäjänä professori Pekka Leimu (Turun yliopisto) ja kustoksena professori Bo Lönnqvist.Kimmo Lagerblomin tutkimus on ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty väitöskirja, jonka painopiste on rautatieläiskulttuurissa. Kontiomäen lisäksi tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan laajemminkin rautatien historiallista merkitystä sekä Suomessa että muualla. This study is located on Kontiomäki railtown; witch is a small village some 600 kilometres north from Helsinki. Kontiomäki is a typical railtown. The Finnish State Railway C…
Glutamate Activates Phospholipase D in Hippocampal Slices of Newborn and Adult Rats
1993
Phospholipase D (PLD) is activated by many neurotransmitters in a novel signal transduction pathway. In the present work, PLD activity was studied comparatively in hippocampal slices of newborn and adult rats. Basal PLD activity in adult rats was almost three times higher than in newborn rats. In newborn rats, L-glutamate and 1S,3R-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (1S,3R-ACPD) time- and concentration-dependently enhanced the formation of [3H]phosphatidylpropanol ([3H]PP) and of [3H]phosphatidic acid in the presence of 2% propanol. N-Methyl-D-aspartate and kainate (both 1 mM) caused small, but significant increases (approximately 50%), whereas alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole…
Exploring kainate receptor pharmacology using molecular dynamics simulations.
2010
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are enticing targets for pharmaceutical research; however, the search for selective ligands is a laborious experimental process. Here we introduce a purely computational procedure as an approach to evaluate ligand–iGluR pharmacology. The ligands are docked into the closed ligand-binding domain and during the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation the bi-lobed interface either opens (partial agonist/antagonist) or stays closed (agonist) according to the properties of the ligand. The procedure is tested with closely related set of analogs of the marine toxin dysiherbaine bound to GluK1 kainate receptor. The modeling is set against the abundant binding data …
Carbachol-induced network oscillations in the intact cerebral cortex of the newborn rat.
2003
In mature cortex, activation of the cholinergic system induces oscillatory network activity and facilitates synaptic plasticity. We used an in vitro preparation of the intact cerebral cortex and cortical slices of the neonatal rat to study carbachol (CCh, >or=30 micro M)-induced network oscillations during the early postnatal period. Multi-site extracellular recordings revealed CCh-induced transient beta oscillations with an average duration of 4.6 +/- 0.2 s, amplitude of 123 +/- 7.4 microV and frequency of 17.7 +/- 0.5 Hz. These oscillations propagated uniformly at 0.5-1.5 mm/s over the cortex and were reversibly blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and atropine, indicating that they depended on …
AAV vector-mediated overexpression of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus protects against seizure-induced excitoxicity.
2010
The CB1 cannabinoid receptor is the most abundant G-protein coupled receptor in the brain and a key regulator of neuronal excitability. There is strong evidence that CB1 receptor on glutamatergic hippocampal neurons is beneficial to alleviate epileptiform seizures in mouse and man. Therefore, we hypothesized that experimentally increased CB1 gene dosage in principal neurons would have therapeutic effects in kainic acid (KA)-induced hippocampal pathogenesis. Here, we show that virus-mediated conditional overexpression of CB1 receptor in pyramidal and mossy cells of the hippocampus is neuroprotective and moderates convulsions in the acute KA seizure model in mice. We introduce a recombinant a…
Differential Promotion of Glutamate Transporter Expression and Function by Glucocorticoids in Astrocytes from Various Brain Regions
2005
Steroids that activate glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and mineralocorticoid receptors have important regulatory effects on neural development, plasticity, and the body's stress response. Here, we investigated the role of corticosteroids in regulating the expression of the glial glutamate transporters glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) in rat primary astrocytes. The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone provoked a marked increase of GLT-1 transcription and protein levels in cortical astrocytes, whereas GLAST expression remained unaffected. Up-regulation of GLT-1 expression was accompanied by an enhanced glutamate uptake, which could be blocked …
Control of cortical neuronal migration by glutamate and GABA
2015
Neuronal migration in the cortex is controlled by the paracrine action of the classical neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA. Glutamate controls radial migration of pyramidal neurons by acting primarily on NMDA receptors and regulates tangential migration of inhibitory interneurons by activating non-NMDA and NMDA receptors. GABA, acting on ionotropic GABAA-rho and GABAA receptors, has a dichotomic action on radially migrating neurons by acting as a GO signal in lower layers and as a STOP signal in upper cortical plate (CP), respectively. Metabotropic GABAB receptors promote radial migration into the CP and tangential migration of interneurons. Besides GABA, the endogenous GABAergic agonist …
Development of a pressurised liquid extraction and liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determi…
2006
Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) is a potentially lethal human toxic syndrome which is caused by domoic acid (DA) that originates in marine phytoplankton belonging to the Pseudonitzschia genus. A confirmatory and sensitive procedure has been developed and validated for the determination of DA in shellfish. The proposed method includes pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) with methanol/acetone (9:1), florisil ® cleanup purification inside the PLE extraction cell and detection by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionization in positive mode tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS–MS). Comparison of ionization sources (ESI, atmospheric pressure ionization (APCI) atmospheric pressure …
Effects of neuron-specific ADAM10 modulation in an in vivo model of acute excitotoxic stress.
2008
A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 10 is the main candidate enzyme for the alpha-secretase processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Neuron-specific ADAM10 overexpression proved beneficial in the APP[V717I] mutant Alzheimer mouse model [Postina R, Schroeder A, Dewachter I, Bohl J, Schmitt U, Kojro E, Prinzen C, Endres K, Hiemke C, Blessing M, Flamez P, Dequenne A, Godaux E, van Leuven F, Fahrenholz F (2004) A disintegrin-metalloproteinase prevents amyloid plaque formation and hippocampal defects in an Alzheimer disease mouse model. J Clin Invest 113:1456-1464]. Since Alzheimer patients have a high prevalence for epileptic seizures, we investigated the effects of ADAM10 modula…
GPU-laskennan optimointi
2013
Näytönohjaimet, grafiikkasuorittimet, tarjoavat rinnakkaisen laskennan alustan, jossa voidaan suorittaa ohjelmakoodia satojen ydinten toimesta. Tämä alusta mahdollistaa matemaattisesti työläiden ongelmien ratkaisemisen tehokkaasti. Grafiikkasuorittimen rinnakkainen suoritusympäristö kuitenkin eroaa suuresti tietokoneen suorittimen peräkkäisestä suoritusympäristöstä. Ongelmien ratkaisemiseksi tehokkaasti rinnakkaisympäristössä on noudettava ohjelmointimenetelmiä, jotka soveltuvat erityisesti rinnakkaisympäristöön. Tässä työssä tarkastellaan rinnakkaisen laskennan perusteita, miten erilaiset ohjelmointimenetelmät vaikuttavat ohjelman suoriutumiseen grafiikkasuorittimella sekä miten voidaan sa…