Search results for "kala"

Knowledge, stigma, health seeking behaviour and its determinants among patients with post kalaazar dermal leishmaniasis, Bihar, India

2018

Background Lesishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease endemic in Bihar, India. Inappropriate health seeking behaviour of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) patients may increase the disease duration, severity and transmissibility. Simultaneously, lack of knowledge and perceived stigma may also increase the length of delay in receiving treatment. This ultimately effects the kala-azar elimination program. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in 120 confirmed PKDL patients, aged 18 years and older. Data related to knowledge and health seeking behaviour was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire. EMIC stigma scale was used for assessing the perceived stigma. Patients were …

How to preserve and handle fish liver samples to conserve RNA integrity

2019

As transcriptomic studies are becoming more and more common, it is important to ensure that the RNA used in the analyses is of good quality. The RNA integrity may be compromised by storage temperature or freeze-thaw cycles, but these have not been well studied in poikilothermic fishes. This work studied the effects of tissue storage time and temperature, and freeze-thaw cycles of tissue and extracted RNA on RNA integrity in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) liver. The storage time and temperature had an effect on RNA integrity, but RNA suitable for quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) (RIN > 7) was still obtained from samples preserved at − 20 °C for 6 months. Freeze-thaw cycles of …

Association Mapping Based on a Common-Garden Migration Experiment Reveals Candidate Genes for Migration Tendency in Brown Trout

2019

A better understanding of the environmental and genetic contribution to migratory behavior and the evolution of traits linked to migration is crucial for fish conservation and fisheries management. Up to date, a few genes with unequivocal influence on the adoption of alternative migration strategies have been identified in salmonids. Here, we used a common garden set-up to measure individual migration distances of generally highly polymorphic brown trout Salmo trutta from two populations. Fish from the assumedly resident population showed clearly shorter migration distances than the fish from the assumed migratory population at the ages of 2 and 3 years. By using two alternative analytical …

Kalmbergin kartasto R VIa : List 5

1856

Comparison of Delivery Methods in Phage Therapy against Flavobacterium columnare Infections in Rainbow Trout

2021

Viruses of bacteria, bacteriophages, specifically infect their bacterial hosts with minimal effects on the surrounding microbiota. They have the potential to be used in the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections, including in the field of food production. In aquaculture settings, disease-causing bacteria are often transmitted through the water body, providing several applications for phage-based targeting of pathogens, in the rearing environment, and in the fish. We tested delivery of phages by different methods (via baths, in phage-coated material, and via oral delivery in feed) to prevent and treat Flavobacterium columnare infections in rainbow trout fry using three phages (FCOV…

Adapting a Phage to Combat Phage Resistance

2020

Phage therapy is becoming a widely recognized alternative for fighting pathogenic bacteria due to increasing antibiotic resistance problems. However, one of the common concerns related to the use of phages is the evolution of bacterial resistance against the phages, putatively disabling the treatment. Experimental adaptation of the phage (phage training) to infect a resistant host has been used to combat this problem. Yet, there is very little information on the trade-offs of phage infectivity and host range. Here we co-cultured a myophage FCV-1 with its host, the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare, in lake water and monitored the interaction for a one-month period. Phage resistance was…

Prophages and Past Prophage-Host Interactions Revealed by CRISPR Spacer Content in a Fish Pathogen

2020

The role of prophages in the evolution, diversification, or virulence of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare has not been studied thus far. Here, we describe a functional spontaneously inducing prophage fF4 from the F. columnare type strain ATCC 23463, which is not detectable with commonly used prophage search methods. We show that this prophage type has a global distribution and is present in strains isolated from Finland, Thailand, Japan, and North America. The virions of fF4 are myoviruses with contractile tails and infect only bacterial strains originating from Northern Finland. The fF4 resembles transposable phages by similar genome organization and several gene orthologs. Addit…

NGO Legitimacy as a Continuous Negotiation Process : Fostering ‘Good Citizenship’ in Western Uganda

2022

The article draws on and contributes to debates on the legitimacy of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) engaged in development, defining organizational legitimacy as a social construct that is continually negotiated in relationships with diverse audiences. To explore the negotiated nature of NGO legitimacy, the article examines the efforts of a Ugandan NGO, Kabarole Research and Resource Centre (KRC), to foster citizens’ capacities in rural communities in the western part of the country. Drawing on interviews and participant observation, we scrutinize the ways in which KRC balances between different and even contrasting legitimacy expectations stemming from three types of encounters sign…

La mutevole identità di N. Kalas

2018

It is the final balance of life and work of Nikolaos Kalas in consideration of his pseudonyms

Slāpekļa oksīda metabolīta līmeņa svārstību izpēte siekalās Latvijas populācijā

2017

Ievads. Nitrīts (NO2-) ir būtisks slāpekļa oksīda (NO) metabolīts, kas organisma audos uzkrājas un var tikt izmantots NO veidošanai. Apmēram 25 % no organismā cirkulējošiem nitrātiem (NO3-) tiek izvadīti siekalu sastāvā mutes dobumā, kur NO3- reducējas NO2- pateicoties mutes dobuma mikrofloras mijiedarbībai, nonākot kuņģa dobumā, siekalu NO2- pārvēršas slāpekļa oksīdā un citās slāpekļa saturošajās vielās. NO2- piedalās dažādu lipīdu un proteīnu nitrēšanas, nitrozēšanas, nitrozilēšanas reakcijās. Tādējādi NO2- ir būtiska loma signālceļu nodrošināšanā, enzimātiskajos procesos, fizioloģiskajās funkcijās un slimību patoģenēzē. Pētījuma mērķis: Atrast sakarības starp nitrīta līmeni Latvijas popu…