Search results for "kalvot"
showing 10 items of 90 documents
Measuring intrinsic thickness of rough membranes: application to nanofibrillated cellulose films
2015
Adequate measurement of thickness of sheet-like materials or membranes is most important for quantifying their properties such as density, barrier properties and mechanical strength. Depending on the surface roughness of the membrane, the thickness measured by standard micrometre devices (apparent thickness) may considerably overestimate the actual geometrical mean thickness (intrinsic thickness) required for such purposes. In this work, we present a method for correcting the measured apparent thickness value of thin membranes for their surface roughness, thereby obtaining an improved estimate of the intrinsic thickness. The surface roughness data required for the correction can be obtained…
Bacteriophage Adherence to Mucus Mediates Preventive Protection against Pathogenic Bacteria
2019
The mucosal surfaces of animals are habitat for microbes, including viruses. Bacteriophages—viruses that infect bacteria—were shown to be able to bind to mucus. This may result in a symbiotic relationship in which phages find bacterial hosts to infect, protecting the mucus-producing animal from bacterial infections in the process. Here, we studied phage binding on mucus and the effect of mucin on phage-bacterium interactions. The significance of our research is in showing that phage adhesion to mucus results in preventive protection against bacterial infections, which will serve as basis for the development of prophylactic phage therapy approaches. Besides, we also reveal that exposure to m…
Lignin recovery from spent alkaline pulping liquors using acidification, membrane separation, and related processing steps: A Review
2019
The separation of lignin from the black liquor generated during alkaline pulping is reviewed in this article with an emphasis on chemistry. Based on published accounts, the precipitation of lignin from spent pulping liquor by addition of acids can be understood based on dissociation equilibria of weak acid groups, which affects the solubility behavior of lignin-related chemical species. Solubility issues also govern lignin separation technologies based on ultrafiltration membranes; reduction in membrane permeability is often affected by conditions leading to decreased solubility of lignin decomposition products and the presence of colloidal matter. Advances in understanding of such phenomen…
Early entry events in Echovirus 30 infection
2020
Echovirus 30 (E30), a member of the enterovirus B species, is a major cause of viral meningitis, targeting children and adults alike. While it is a frequently isolated enterovirus and the cause of several outbreaks all over the world, surprisingly little is known regarding its entry and replication strategy within cells. In this study, we used E30 strain Bastianni (E30B) generated from an infectious cDNA clone in order to study early entry events during infection in human RD cells. E30B required the newly discovered Fc echovirus receptor (FcRn) for successful infection, but not the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) or decay-accelerating factor (DAF), although an interaction with …
Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography
2017
The supported monolayer of Au that accompanies alkanethiolate molecules removed by polymer stamps during chemical lift-off lithography is a scarcely studied hybrid material. We show that these Au–alkanethiolate layers on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are transparent, functional, hybrid interfaces that can be patterned over nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter length scales. Unlike other ultrathin Au films and nanoparticles, lifted-off Au–alkanethiolate thin films lack a measurable optical signature. We therefore devised fabrication, characterization, and simulation strategies by which to interrogate the nanoscale structure, chemical functionality, stoichiometry, and spectral signature of t…
Tuning of Emission Wavelength of CaS:Eu by Addition of Oxygen Using Atomic Layer Deposition
2021
| openaire: EC/H2020/820423/EU//S2QUIP | openaire: EC/H2020/834742/EU//ATOP | openaire: EC/H2020/965124/EU//FEMTOCHIP Atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology has unlocked new ways of manipulating the growth of inorganic materials. The fine control at the atomic level allowed by ALD technology creates the perfect conditions for the inclusion of new cationic or anionic elements of the already-known materials. Consequently, novel material characteristics may arise with new functions for applications. This is especially relevant for inorganic luminescent materials where slight changes in the vicinity of the luminescent centers may originate new emission properties. Here, we studied the lumines…
A study of solar thermal absorber stack based on CrAlSiNx/CrAlSiNxOy structure by ion beams
2019
Renewable energies are foreseen as a major energy resource for next generations. Among several energy sources and technologies available, Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology has a great potential, but it needs to be optimised, in particular to reduce the costs, with an increase of the operating temperature and long term stability. This goal can be achieved by tailoring the composition and multilayer structure of films. In this work we present and discuss the results obtained from solar absorber coatings based on nitride/oxynitride structures. A four-layer film structure, W/CrAlSiNx(HA)/CrAlSiNxOy(LA)/SiAlOx, was deposited on stainless steel substrates using magnetron sputtering deposi…
Hydrogen and Deuterium Incorporation in ZnO Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition
2021
Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were grown by atomic layer deposition using diethylzinc (DEZ) and water. In addition to depositions with normal water, heavy water (2H2O) was used in order to study the reaction mechanisms and the hydrogen incorporation at different deposition temperatures from 30 to 200 °C. The total hydrogen concentration in the films was found to increase as the deposition temperature decreased. When the deposition temperature decreased close to room temperature, the main source of impurity in hydrogen changed from 1H to 2H. A sufficiently long purging time changed the main hydrogen isotope incorporated in the film back to 1H. A multiple short pulse scheme was used to study th…
Low-temperature thermal and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of metal oxide thin films
2017
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a method for thin film fabrication with atomic level precision. This thesis focuses on low-temperature thermal and plasma- enhanced ALD and presents results on thin film growth by these techniques with examples of common ALD materials: Al2O3, ZnO and TiO2. As an example of limitations of the thermal ALD the nucleation and growth of Al2O3 and ZnO films on different grades of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are presented, showing that the initiation of the growth is strongly dependent on both the deposited material and the substrate. A potential application of the ALD ZnO films in polymer surface functionalization is demonstrated by changing in the surface wettab…