Search results for "kehityspsykologia"

Systems thinking and adult cognitive development

2020

This chapter explores the links between scientific systems approaches and adult cognitive development. First, it describes the premises and basic concepts of systems thinking. It then continues to give an overview of the history of systems approach and the development of the main models and theories from its roots, which lie in the natural sciences. This is followed by an examination of the three systems paradigms, namely, Closed Systems, Open Systems, and Dynamic Systems and their implications to research and operational interests, in addition to their explanatory power in today’s world. Second part of the chapter focuses on describing the intersections between the Dynamic Systems paradigm…

How do early family systems predict emotion recognition in middle childhood?

2021

Facial emotion recognition (FER) is a fundamental element in human interaction. It begins to develop soon after birth and is important in achieving developmental tasks of middle childhood, such as developing mutual friendships and acquiring social rules of peer groups. Despite its importance, FER research during middle childhood continues to be rather limited. Moreover, research is ambiguous on how the quality of one's early social-emotional environment shapes FER development, and longitudinal studies spanning from infancy to later development are scarce. In this study, we examine how the cohesive, authoritarian, disengaged and enmeshed family system types, assessed during pregnancy and inf…

The Pain of Granting Otherness : Interoception and the Differentiation of the Other / Der Schmerz der Gewährung von Andersheit : Interozeption und di…

2017

SummaryThis article examines the foundations of social experience from a psychoanalytic perspective. In current developmental psychology, social cognition debate, and phenomenology of empathy, it is widely assumed that the self and the other are differentiated from the outset, and the basic challenge is accordingly taken to consist in explaining how the gap between the self and the other can be bridged. By contrast, in the psychoanalytic tradition, the central task is considered to lie in explaining how such a gap is established in the first place. My article develops this latter idea. I focus on the infant’s early experience of care, show how the presence of the caregiver can be interprete…

Identity Formation, Personal Control Over Development, and Well-Being

2006

Individuals' conceptions of their personal goals have been studied in the psychology literature from different perspectives. In this chapter, the processes and implications of one's orientations and self-definitions were analyzed along two dimensions: one's sense of identity, and the self-percepts of autonomous control over development. Several researchers (e.g., Archer, 1989; Brandtstädter & Baltes-Götz, 1990; Pulkkinen & Rönkä, 1994) have concluded, on the basis of literature reviews and empirical findings, that adaptive capacities are associated with a clear sense of identity and personal control over development. Although any given cultural and historical context confines the possible a…

Isoisyys: moniulotteinen elämänvaihe

2006

Hyviä uutisia (tekstin lopussa)

2022

From multiperspective to contextual integrative thinking in adulthood : Considerations on theorisation of adult thinking and its place as a component…

2020

This critical literature review traces the roots of how adult cognitive development and learning are conceptualised. It addresses some implicitly included historical and philosophical concepts, analysing especially the concept of change, and ontological assumptions included in the Piagetian and neo-Piagetian “postformal thinking” traditions. Two major theories that have had an important impact on modern scientific discussion regarding adult cognitive development are discussed: Piaget’s and Perry’s theories of logical thinking and assumptions of knowledge. They have served as basic sources for several new innovative models with their respective, mutual similarities and differences. The chapt…

Logical contradiction, contrary opposites, and epistemological relativism : Critical philosophical reflections on the psychological models of adult c…

2020

In this contribution, we argue that a philosophical clarification of the discussion of adult cognitive development in psychology is needed in order to get a clearer view of what is at stake in this debated phenomenon. On the one hand, we contend that rather than epistemological relativism, mature adult cognition should be described in terms of integration. Integration means understanding that people have different views with each other and from us, but we still need to respect them as people and take their emotions into account. This does not mean simple acceptance of their views as true, as the descriptions of epistemological relativism would suggest. On the other hand, we argue that rathe…

Professional expertise, integrative thinking, wisdom, and phronēsis

2020

This chapter examines adult thinking from the perspective of professional expertise and phronēsis, that is, practical wisdom. It first describes differences between experts and novices, and presents three conceptualisations of the development of expertise. This is followed by an analysis of the form of adult thinking referred to as integrative thinking, and phronēsis. The relationship of these two with expertise is examined. The analysis shows that professional expertise requires holistic thinking involving the ability to integrate or conciliate various and even conflicting perspectives in order to find new solutions to problems. Furthermore, the role of emotions and ethical reflection is e…

Nuorten musiikkimakuun vaikuttavat tekijät uuden median aikakaudella

2012

Nuoret ovat elämänvaiheessa, jossa he kohtaavat suuria muutoksia sosiaalisissa suhteissaan, ihanteissaan ja omassa identiteetissään. Kaikki tämä heijastuu nuorten musiikinkuunteluvalintoihin, ja lisäksi vanhemmat ja sisarukset sekä koulu, kaverit ja musiikkiharrastukset vaikuttavat nuorten musiikkimakuun. Lisäksi kontekstit ja tunnetilat ovat yhteydessä musiikinkuunteluun. Medialla on aina ollut tärkeä rooli musiikin välityskanavana. Viime vuosina media on ollut murrosvaiheessa uusmedian noustua valta-asemaan, ja uudet teknologiset ilmiöt ovat saavuttaneet nuoret nopeasti. Uusmedia on vaikuttanut merkittävästi nuorten kuuntelutottumuksiin, ja he käyttävät uusmedian palveluita usein ensisija…