Search results for "kovakuoriaiset"
showing 10 items of 15 documents
Traits mediate niches and co‐occurrences of forest beetles in ways that differ among bioclimatic regions
2021
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the role of traits in beetle community assembly and test for consistency in these effects among several bioclimatic regions. We asked (1) whether traits predicted species’ responses to environmental gradients (i.e. their niches), (2) whether these same traits could predict co-occurrence patterns and (3) how consistent were niches and the role of traits among study regions. Location Boreal forests in Norway and Finland, temperate forests in Germany. Taxon Wood-living (saproxylic) beetles. Methods We compiled capture records of 468 wood-living beetle species from the three regions, along with nine morphological and ecological species traits. Eight …
A bark beetle infestation predictive model based on satellite data in the frame of decision support system TANABBO
2020
The European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus L. causes significant economic losses in managed coniferous forests in Central and Northern Europe. New infestations either occur in previously undisturbed forest stands (i.e., spot initiation) or depend on proximity to previous years’ infestations (i.e., spot spreading). Early identification of newly infested trees over the forested landscape limits the effective control measures. Accurate forecasting of the spread of bark beetle infestation is crucial to plan efficient sanitation felling of infested trees and prevent further propagation of beetle-induced tree mortality. We created a predictive model of subsequent year spot initiation and spo…
Is a change in juvenile hormone sensitivity involved in range expansion in an invasive beetle?
2015
Introduction: It has been suggested that rapid range expansion could proceed through evolution in the endocrinological machinery controlling life-history switches. Based on this we tested whether the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, which has rapidly expanded its range across latitudinal regions in Europe, and shows photoperiodic adaptation in overwintering initiation, has different sensitivities to juvenile hormone (JH) manipulation along a latitudinal gradient. Results: A factorial experiment where beetles were reared either under a long or short day photoperiod was performed. Hormone levels were manipulated by topical applications. An allatostatin mimic, H17, was used t…
Choosy beetles : How host trees and southern boreal forest naturalness may determine dead wood beetle communities
2021
Wood-living beetles make up a large proportion of forest biodiversity and contribute to important ecosystem services, including decomposition. Beetle communities in managed southern boreal forests are less species rich than in natural and near-natural forest stands. In addition, many beetle species rely primarily on specific tree species. Yet, the associations between individual beetle species, forest management category, and tree species are seldom quantified, even for red-listed beetles. We compiled a beetle capture dataset from flight intercept traps placed on Norway spruce (Picea abies), oak (Quercus sp.), and Eurasian aspen (Populus tremulae) trees in 413 sites in mature managed forest…
Transcriptomes of parents identify parenting strategies and sexual conflict in a subsocial beetle
2015
This work was funded by UK NERC grants to M.G.R. and A.J.M. an NERC studentship to D.J.P. the University of Georgia and a US NSF grant to A.J.M. and M.G.R. Parenting in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides is complex and, unusually, the sex and number of parents that can be present is flexible. Such flexibility is expected to involve specialized behaviour by the two sexes under biparental conditions. Here, we show that offspring fare equally well regardless of the sex or number of parents present. Comparing transcriptomes, we find a largely overlapping set of differentially expressed genes in both uniparental and biparental females and in uniparental males including vitellogenin, ass…
Exploratory behaviour is not related to associative learning ability in the carabid beetle Nebria brevicollis
2020
Recently, it has been hypothesised that as learning performance and animal personality vary along a common axis of fast and slow types, natural selection may act on both in parallel leading to a correlation between learning and personality traits. We examined the relationship between risk-taking and exploratory behaviour and associative learning ability in carabid beetle Nebria brevicollis females by quantifying the number of trials individuals required to reach criterion during an associative learning task (‘learning performance’). The associative learning task required the females to associate odour and direction with refugia from light and heat in a T-maze. Further, we assessed learning …
High‐resolution 3D forest structure explains ecomorphological trait variation in assemblages of saproxylic beetles
2022
1. Climate, topography and the 3D structure of forests are major drivers affecting local species communities. However, little is known about how the specific functional traits of saproxylic (wood-living) beetles, involved in the recycling of wood, might be affected by those environmental characteristics. 2. Here, we combine ecological and morphological traits available for saproxylic beetles and airborne laser scanning (ALS) data in Bayesian trait-based joint species distribution models to study how traits drive the distributions of more than 230 species in temperate forests of Europe. 3. We found that elevation (as a proxy for temperature and precipitation) and the proportion of conifers p…
Boreaalisen metsän ennallistamistoimien vaikutukset maakiitäjäisiin (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
2012
Ennallistamisen tavoitteena on nopeuttaa talousmetsäkäytössä olleen boreaalisen metsän palautumista rakenteeltaan, toiminnaltaan ja eliöstöltään luonnontilaisen kaltaiseksi. Ennallistamistoimilla, kuten lahopuun määrän lisäämisellä tai kulotuksella, pyritään jäljittelemään metsän luontaisia häiriöitä, kuten tuulenkaatoja tai metsäpaloja. Intensiivisen metsänhoidon piirissä olevaan tasaikäiseen ja vähälajiseen metsään ihmisavusteinen häiriö, kuten lahopuun lisääminen ja/tai kulotus, luo monimuotoisempaa rakennetta ja uutta kasvutilaa. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli testata maakiitäjäisten vasteita ennallistamistoimiin, kun ennallistamisesta oli kulunut seitsemän vuotta eli hieman pidempi …
Biology of the parasitic wasp nest beetle, Metoecus paradoxus (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae), in Finland
2022
Parasitoids and predators can cause marked mortality in their host species. I studied the occurrence, abundance, and biology of the wasp nest beetle Metoecus paradoxus (Ripiphoridae), inhabiting the nests of the common wasp Vespula vulgaris (Vespidae) in Central Finland. I also compiled phenological data of the species in Finland. The proportion of parasitized nests was 80%. The abundance of the beetle was generally some tens of individuals (max. = 130) per nest, and the parasitism rate 1–18% of the sealed cells, which are typical for the species in temperate Europe. The beetle occurred in several combs but was absent or rare in the oldest and newest combs. Sex ratio was female biased. Fema…
Short-term effects of forest restoration on beetle diversity
2007
Toivanen tutki väitöskirjassaan ennallistamisen, erityisesti luontaisten metsäpalojen jäljittelyn ja lahopuun tuoton, lyhyen aikavälin vaikutuksia havumetsien kovakuoriaislajistoon. Ennallistamisella pyritään luontaisten rakenteiden, toimintojen ja lajikoostumuksen palauttamiseen ihmisen muuttamiin ekosysteemeihin. Ennallistamisen tarve on suuri erityisesti Etelä-Suomessa, missä suuri osa suojelluistakaan alueista ei täytä luonnontilaisen metsän vaatimuksia pitkän metsien käytön historian johdosta. Toivasen tulokset ovat näin suoraan sovellettavissa käytännön suojelutyöhön.Toivanen havaitsi, että poltetuilla ennallistamiskohteilla kovakuoriaisten laji- ja yksilömäärät olivat merkittävästi s…