Search results for "kustannukset"
showing 8 items of 48 documents
Kuntien omistamien peruskoulujen tilankäytön toteutumattomat skaalaedut
2022
Julkisen koulurakentamisen vallitseva trendi on tehdä suuria, satojen oppilaiden yhtenäiskouluja. Tavoitteena on tuottaa oppimista tukevia tiloja ja mahdollistaa oppilaille eheä oppipolku koko peruskoulun ajaksi. Keskustelussa esiintyy usein myös olettamia suurempien yksiköiden teknistaloudellisista skaalaeduista. Tässä tutkimuksessa analysoitiin yli 350 peruskouluyksikön otoksella, liittykö koulukoon kasvattamiseen skaalaetuja tilankäytön näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksen tulokset kyseenalaistavat käsityksen, että suurten koulujen oppilaskohtaiset tilakustannukset olisivat pääsääntöisesti pieniä kouluja edullisempia. peerReviewed
Techno-economic pre-feasibility study of wind and solar electricity generating systems for households in Central Finland
2014
The objective of this work is to investigate the viability of a wind, PV or hybrid wind-PV system supplemented with battery storage for electricity production to meet the electricity consumption of a typical household apartment in Central Finland. The assessment criteria for the analysis were cost of energy and total net present cost of each system configuration. We selected the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) software, RETScreen, and PVsyst in our analysis and finally only HOMER was considered for performing system optimization analysis because of the creditability of its results. A PV-battery system is recognized as the most economically feasible option in our si…
Economic Costs of Obesity in Europe
2022
This chapter summarizes the evidence on the indirect costs of obesity that result from adverse labour market outcomes (i.e., earnings and employment losses) at the individual level. We focus on empirical evidence covering European countries emphasizing the most recent studies in this field. Research has established three key empirical observations. The first fact is that there is a negative link between excess weight and various labour market outcomes. Obesity is linked to significantly lower earnings, lower levels of employment and higher probability of entering sick leave or exiting from paid employment through disability pension. The second fact is that the negative link between excess w…
Liikuntaseurojen lasten ja nuorten liikunnan markkinointi : tutkimus lasten ja nuorten liikunnan tuotantoprosessista, resursseista ja kustannuksista
2006
Recent research indicates an increase in the demand for sport aimed at children and youngsters, but particularly sport clubs have not been able to develop their production of sport activities quickly enough or in an affordable way. To understand and develop equal opportunities and sport club activities for children and youngsters, information on sport production, resources available, costs to be covered and cost development is needed. These issues were explored on the basis of a literature review and by surveying 1,572 households with 6-18 year-old children and youngsters involved in sport activities in sport clubs. The present study has aimed at establishing the prerequisites under which s…
Frequency and Density-Dependent Selection on Life-History Strategies - A Field Experiment
2008
Negative frequency-dependence, which favors rare genotypes, promotes the maintenance of genetic variability and is of interest as a potential explanation for genetic differentiation. Density-dependent selection may also promote cyclic changes in frequencies of genotypes. Here we show evidence for both density-dependent and negative frequency-dependent selection on opposite life-history tactics (low or high reproductive effort, RE) in the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Densitydependent selection was evident among the females with low RE, which were especially favored in low densities. Instead, both negative frequency-dependent and density-dependent selection were shown in females with high RE…