Search results for "label"
showing 10 items of 797 documents
Fixation conditions affect the intensity but not the pattern of NADPH-diaphorase staining as a marker for neuronal nitric oxide synthase in rat olfac…
1994
NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) is commonly used as a histochemical marker for the neuronal form of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). A recent biochemical study showed that in broken-cell preparations NADPH-d activity did not fully represent NOS and that NOS-unrelated NADPH-d activity was suppressed during fixation. Because it is unknown whether fixation also affects NOS-associated NADPH-d activity, we investigated the effects of various widely used fixatives on NADPH-d staining in relation to NOS immunoreactivity, obtained with polyclonal antibodies, in rat olfactory bulb. We found that the intensity of NADPH-d staining associated with NOS, as well as that unrelated to NOS, depends on fi…
Comparison of three different staining methods for the assessment of epididymal red deer sperm morphometry by computerized analysis with ISAS®
2005
When collection of ejaculated sperm samples is not possible, as is the case with wild species, the epididymides of sacrificed wild males become the only possible source of spermatozoa. Mature cauda epididymal spermatozoa display characteristics similar to those of ejaculated sperm cells. The present work proposes a sperm staining technique suitable for the morphometric evaluation of red deer epididymal sperm using a new computerized system. Epididymides from wild animals were extracted no later than 2 h post mortem. After epididymal sectioning, sperm samples were collected, cooled to and equilibrated at 5 °C, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Before staining, sperm samples were thawed for 20 s…
Neuroprotection of lipoic acid treatment promotes angiogenesis and reduces the glial scar formation after brain injury
2012
After trauma brain injury, a large number of cells die, releasing neurotoxic chemicals into the extracellular medium, decreasing cellular glutathione levels and increasing reactive oxygen species that affect cell survival and provoke an enlargement of the initial lesion. Alpha-lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant commonly used as a treatment of many degenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis or diabetic neuropathy. Herein, the antioxidant effects of lipoic acid treatment after brain cryo-injury in rat have been studied, as well as cell survival, proliferation in the injured area, gliogenesis and angiogenesis. Thus, it is shown that newborn cells, mostly corresponded with blood vessels …
Cell death and oxidative stress in gliomas.
1999
In gliomas, apoptosis and necrosis are determined by a number of promoting and inhibiting factors including oxidative cell stress mediated by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and reduced by superoxide dismutases. Therefore, in 46 gliomas (including astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, oligo-astrocytomas, and glioblastomas), the relationship of apoptosis and necrosis and the expression of apoptosis-promoting (p53, bax, Fas, Fas-L) and inhibiting (bcl-2) factors as well as of different isoforms of NOS (NOSb, NOSe, NOSi) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) were studied. Apoptosis was measured in situ by the TUNEL method while expression profiles of apoptosis-related and oxidative stress-associ…
Regulation of X-Chromosome-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein in Kainic Acid-Induced Neuronal Death in the Rat Hippocampus
2001
XIAP (X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) is an antiapoptotic protein which inhibits the activity of caspases and suppresses cell death. However, little is known about the presence and function of XIAP in the nervous system. Here we report that XIAP mRNA is expressed in developing and adult rat brain. Using a specific antibody, we observed XIAP-immunoreactive cells in different brain regions, among others, in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Kainic acid, which induces delayed cell death of specific neurons, increased the levels of XIAP in the CA3 region of hippocampus. XIAP was, however, largely absent in cells undergoing cell death, as shown by TUNEL labeling and staini…
Histological and genetic studies in patients with bicuspid aortic valve and ascending aorta complications.
2011
OBJECTIVES: Aneurysm diameter and growing rate does not represent a definite parameter for operation in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), ascending aortic aneurysm and normal root patients. Thus, we investigated histological and immunohistochemical aspects of different segments of ascending aorta (precisely, aortic root without dilatation, aneurysmatic tubular portion, dissected ascending aorta) and genetic features of patients with BAV and ascending aorta complication (aneurysm or dissection). METHODS: Aorta tissue samples of 24 BAV patients were examined. The patients comprised of 18 men and 6 women; the mean age was 54.2 ± 14.3 years. All patients underwent composite aortic root replacement (…
A two-year follow-up of oral antioxidant supplementation in primary open-angle glaucoma: an open-label, randomized, controlled trial
2014
Purpose To evaluate the effect of oral antioxidant supplementation (OAS) on primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) over a 2-year follow-up period. Patients and methods In this open-label, randomized controlled trial, 117 eyes of 117 patients with mild or moderate POAG and intraocular pressure under control with topical antiglaucoma medications were recruited and randomly divided into three groups according to supplementation: (1) OAS with (ICAPS R® – Alcon Laboratories, n = 26); (2) OAS without ω-3 fatty acids (OFTAN MACULA® – Laboratorios Esteve, n = 28); and (3) a control group without OAS (n = 63). They all underwent visual field (VF) tests (Humphrey 24-2) and scans using a Fourier-domain op…
Retinal oxidation, apoptosis and age- and sex-differences in the mnd mutant mouse, a model of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
2004
Retinal degeneration is an early and progressive event in many forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders with unknown pathogenesis. We here used the mutant motor neuron degeneration (mnd) mouse, a late-infantile NCL variant, to investigate the retinal oxidative state and apoptotic cell death as a function of age and sex. Total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels revealed progressive increases in retinal oxyradicals and lipid peroxides of mnd mice of both sexes. Female mnd retinas showed a higher oxidation rate and consistently exhibited the 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)-adduc…
A long-term (two years) clinical trial with S-adenosylmethionine for the treatment of osteoarthritis
1987
In a long-term multicenter open trial involving 10 general practitioners, the efficacy and tolerance of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) were studied for 24 months in 108 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, and spine. At the end of the 24-month observation period, 97 of the patients were still in the study. The patients received 600 mg of SAMe daily (equivalent to three tablets of 200 mg each) for the first two weeks and thereafter 400 mg daily (equivalent to two tablets of 200 mg each) until the end of the 24th month of treatment. Separate evaluations were made for osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, cervical spine, and dorsal/lumbar spine. The severity of the clinical symptoms (morning…
Motoneurons of the stapedius muscle in the guinea pig middle ear: Afferent and efferent transmitters
2008
The objective of the present study was to identify efferent and afferent transmitters of motoneurons of the stapedius muscle of the middle ear in order to gain more insight into the neuronal regulation of the muscle. To identify motoneurons, we injected the fluorescent neuronal tracer Fluorogold (FG) into the muscle after preparation of the middle ear in adult guinea pigs. Upon terminal uptake and retrograde neuronal transport, we observed FG in neurons located medial and ventral to the nucleus of the facial nerve ipsilateral to the injection site. Immunohistochemical studies of these motoneurons showed that the majority contains calcitonin gene-related peptide. Our data further demonstrate…