Search results for "laiduntaminen"

Experimental evidence of the long‐term effects of reindeer on Arctic vegetation greenness and species richness at a larger landscape scale

2019

1. Large herbivores influence plant community structure and ecosystem processes in many ecosystems. In large parts of the Arctic, reindeer (or caribou) are the only large herbivores present. Recent studies show that reindeer have the potential to mitigate recent warming-induced shrub encroachment in the Arctic and the associated greening of high-latitude ecosystems. This will potentially have large scale consequences for ecosystem productivity and carbon cycling. 2. To date, information on variation in the interactions between reindeer and plants across Arctic landscapes has been scarce. We utilized a network of experimental sites across a latitudinal gradient in the Scandinavian mountains …

Toward a holistic understanding of pastoralism

2021

Pastoralism is globally significant in social, environmental, and economic terms. However, it experiences crises rooted in misconceptions and poor interdisciplinary understanding, while being largely overlooked in international sustainability forums and agendas. Here, we propose a transdisciplinary research approach to understand pastoralist transitions using (1) social, economic, and environmental dimensions, (2) diverse geographic contexts and scales to capture emerging properties, allowing for cross-system comparisons, and (3) timescales from the distant past to the present. We provide specific guidelines to develop indicators for this approach, within a social-ecological resilience anal…

Exploring the mechanisms by which reindeer droppings induce fen peat methane production

2021

Abstract Peatlands, especially fens, are known to emit methane. Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) use mires mainly as spring and summer pastures. In this work we observed that adding reindeer droppings to fen peat increased the potential methane production by 40%. This became apparent when droppings originating from reindeer kept in pen or pasture in winter were added to methanogenic fen peat samples. The droppings introduced Methanobacteriaceae (Methanobrevibacter; > 90% of the mcrA MiSeq reads) to the peat, which was originally populated by Methanosarcinaceae, Methanosaetaceae, Methanoregulaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, Methanomassiliicoccaceae, Methanocellaceae and Methanomicrobiaceae. The origi…

The effect of grazing history on fungal diversity in broadleaved wood pastures

2012

Traditional rural biotopes such as wood pastures are species rich habitats which have been created by extensive agriculture. In all European countries both the quality and quantity of traditional rural biotopes have drastically decreased during the past century because of increasing farming intensity. This decline is causing a threat to many species, but very little is known about the conservation ecology of fungi living in wood pastures. Considering vascular plants, it is known that sites with long management history have higher species richness compared to abandoned sites. It is also known that species richness is highest with intermediate grazing intensity. In this study I investigated i…

Defoliation and plant-soil interactions in grasslands

2006

FM Katja Ilmarinen tutki väitöskirjassaan, mitä kasveissa ja maaperässä tapahtuu kasvien versomassan poiston eli defoliaation seurauksena. Ilmarisen tutkimissa niittyekosysteemeissä defoliaatio tarkoittaa tyypillisimmin niittoa tai laidunnusta.Kasvilaji, versomassan poiston ajoitus kasvukaudella ja maaperän ravinnepitoisuus vaikuttavat siihen, mitä muutoksia kasveissa tapahtuu versomassan poiston seurauksena. Niitto vähentää juurten massaa olosuhteista riippumatta, mutta sen vaikutus juurten typpipitoisuuteen vaihtelee sen sijaan tutkimusoloista riippuen. Esimerkiksi, vähäravinteisessa maassa kasvavien kasvien typpipitoisuus kasvaa versomassan poiston seurauksena, kun taas runsasravinteises…

Idiosyncratic responses to simulated herbivory by root fungal symbionts in a subarctic meadow

2021

Plant-associated fungi have elementary roles in ecosystem productivity. There is little information on the interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal symbiosis, fine endophytic (FE) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi, and their host plants in cold climate systems. In particular, the environmental filters potentially driving the relative abundance of these root symbionts remain unknown. We investigated the interlinkage of plant and belowground fungal responses to simulated herbivory (clipping, fertilization, and trampling) in a subarctic meadow system. AM and FE frequency in the two target plant roots, Potentilla crantzii and Saussurea alpina, was unaffected by simulated he…

Poronlaidunnuksen poissulkemisen vaikutus arktisen niityn kasvillisuuteen ja siemenpankkiin

2012

Tuhti opas perinnemaisemiin

2021

Opas perinnemaisemiin on kuin sotilaan korttipakka Tapio Rautavaaran kappaleessa. Kirjan alussa tarjotaan tiivis tietopaketti perinnemaisemien merkityksestä, syntyhistoriasta ja katoamisesta tehomaatalouden myötä sekä niiden suojelemisen tärkeydestä. Kirjan toinen osa esittelee yli kolmekymmentä perinnebiotooppityyppiä, niiden lajistoa ja hoitotarvetta sekä toimii kotimaan matkaoppaana. nonPeerReviewed

Laidunnuksen ja niiton vaikutus ketonoidanlukon (Botrychium lunaria) kokoon ja lisääntymiseen

2008

Human disturbance on Polylepis mountain forests in Peruvian Andes

2014

Vuoristot kattavat 20–25 % maapallon pinta-alasta ja niiden alueella kasvaa noin 28 % maapallon metsistä. Vuoristometsät ovat monella tapaa arvokkaita: ne tarjoavat useita ekosysteemipalveluita ja raaka-aineita sekä sisältävät suuren määrän elinympäristöjä ja eliölajeja. Ne ovat kuitenkin myös erittäin haavoittuvaisia. Resurssien optimoimiseksi tutkijat ovat nimenneet maapallolta hotspot-alueita, joilla esiintyy suuri määrä endeemisiä ja uhanalaisia lajeja. Ihmistoiminta vaikuttaa ekosysteemien luonnolliseen tilaan ollen merkittävä uhka hotspot-alueiden lajeille. Lisäksi ekosysteemin pirstaleisuus, laikun koko ja reunavaikutukset voivat vaikuttaa alueen lajirunsauteen ja sukupuuttovauhtiin.…