Search results for "laivaliikenne"

The emission reduction potential of electric transport modes in Finland

2021

The transportation sector has become the fastest growing source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One solution to mitigate the impacts is a shift towards electric modes. Where previous studies have only focused on the replacement of individual modes, our study presents a more holistic approach by comparing land-based, water-based and airborne transportation modes. We study the GHG emission reduction potentials of electric cars, buses, trains, ferries and aircraft in comparison to existing modes on 34 routes within Finland and across the Baltic Sea to Sweden and Estonia. By comparing the GHG emissions in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq) per passenger kilometer for each mode, we also cons…

Kasvavan liikenteen kannattava kanava : Saimaan kanavan rahtiliikenne autonomian aikana

2013

Creating Global Markets : Seaborne Trade in Pulp and Paper Products Over the Last 400 Years

2018

The declining cost of sea transport has been a necessary condition for the growth of the global pulp and paper industry, especially in regions remote from economic centres. Thus, pulp and paper industries and international shipping have coevolved, especially since the 1960s, enabling producers to tap global markets and develop global production chains. The paper products trade flows, however, have changed a number of times over the last 400 years. This chapter describes and explains these developments and shows how the technological solutions in global shipping and strategic choices among the pulp and paper companies have been interdependent, especially since the 1960s. peerReviewed

Navigation Acts and the integration of North Baltic shipping in the early nineteenth century

2017

This article discusses how Navigation Acts affected shipping and commodity trade from and to the Northern Baltic during the early nineteenth century. We use Finnish shipping and foreign trade as an example of trade integration at the time. Finland can be used as a ‘laboratory case’ to study the importance of the Navigation Acts, as the eastern part of the area followed Russian legislation without the Navigation Act to restrict shipping to domestic vessels, while the western part followed Swedish legislation with strict protection through the Swedish version of the Act ( Produktplakat). The article argues that the role played by foreign vessels in shipments of Finnish export goods was far m…

Determinantes industriais da solidariedade transnacional: política intersindical global em três setores

2014

Introdução: Oaumento da concorrência global prejudica o poder dos sindicatos pois enfraquece seu controle sobre a competição no mercado de trabalho. Os sindicatos, por vezes, combatem essa ameaça mediante cooperação além das fronteiras nacionais. Apesar do interesse crescente por atividades sindi - cais transnacionais, existem poucas comparações sistemáticas entre setores. Este artigo compara exemplos de cooperação transnacional de sindicatos na indústria automotiva, no transporte marítimo e na indústria têxtil e de vestuário. Argu - mentamos em seguida que os sindicatos adotam diferentes tipos de estratégias internacionais por causa de: (1) diferentes manifestações da competição entre trab…

Ulkomaalaiset alukset ja paikalliset toimintamallit : Viipuri, Hamina ja suomalainen merenkulku 1700-1800-luvuilla

2019

Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan ulkomaalaisten laivojen merkitystä Suomen ulkomaankaupassa 1700–1800-luvuilla. Meritse kulkeneen Suomen viennin ja tuonnin kokonaiskuva on ollut kyseisellä ajanjaksolla pitkään vaikeasti hahmotettavissa, sillä ulkomaalaisen tonniston merkitys erityisesti Kaakkois-Suomen ulkomaankaupassa on saanut aiemmin vain vähän huomiota. Tämä artikkeli keskittyy Viipurin ja Haminan merenkulkuun 1700-luvun lopulla ja 1800-luvun alkupuolella, joiden tarjoamien esimerkkien avulla tutkitaan ulkomaalaisten alusten merkitystä laajemmin Suomen merenkululle. Tutkimus tarjoaa uusia näkökulmia sekä suomalaisen että kansainvälisen ulkomaankaupan ja merenkulun historiaan, sillä var…

Maritime Information Networks between Northern and Southern Europe during the Eighteenth century

2019

International trade during the 18th century is a case in point through which to study in-depth the challenges of asymmetric information. The challenges can be divided into three categories: availability, reliability and usability of information. This article discusses the organization of trade and shipping between Northern and Southern Europe. The access, reliability and use of information were problems for merchant-shipowners during the 18th century. The solutions adopted were partly contradictory: the aim to reduce information asymmetry on one determinant, might incur costs on the other.