Search results for "layer"
showing 10 items of 2667 documents
Atomic Layer Deposition of Spinel Lithium Manganese Oxide by Film-Body-Controlled Lithium Incorporation for Thin-Film Lithium-Ion Batteries
2013
Lithium manganese oxide spinels are promising candidate materials for thin-film lithium-ion batteries owing to their high voltage, high specific capacity for storage of electrochemical energy, and minimal structural changes during battery operation. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers many benefits for preparing all-solid-state thin-film batteries, including excellent conformity and thickness control of the films. Yet, the number of available lithium-containing electrode materials obtained by ALD is limited. In this article, we demonstrate the ALD of lithium manganese oxide, LixMn2O4, from Mn(thd)3, Li(thd), and ozone. Films were polycrystalline in their as-deposited state and contained le…
A beam theory for layered composites subjected to uniformly distributed load
2015
A theory for multilayered composite beams undergoing transverse uniformly distributed loads is presented. The formulation starts by assuming a layer-wise kinematical model characterized by third order approximation of the axial displacements and fourth order approximation of the transverse displacements. By enforcing the point-wise balance equations as well as the interface continuity conditions, the layer-wise kinematical model is rewritten in terms of a set of generalized kinematical variables associated with the beam as a whole. Stress resultants are then obtained in terms of the generalized variables derivatives and of the normal stresses applied to the top and bottom surfaces of the la…
A Comprehensive Survey on Cooperative Relaying and Jamming Strategies for Physical Layer Security
2019
Physical layer security (PLS) has been extensively explored as an alternative to conventional cryptographic schemes for securing wireless links. Many studies have shown that the cooperation between the legitimate nodes of a network can significantly enhance their secret communications performance, relative to the noncooperative case. Motivated by the importance of this class of PLS systems, this paper provides a comprehensive survey of the recent works on cooperative relaying and jamming techniques for securing wireless transmissions against eavesdropping nodes, which attempt to intercept the transmissions. First, it provides a in-depth overview of various secure relaying strategies and sch…
The use of steel angles for the connection of laminated glass beams: Experiments and modelling
2012
Abstract In the present paper the experimental results relative to three-point bending tests on multilayer glass beams and on semi-rigid connections realised with stainless double web angles are presented and discussed. Small and medium size glass beams were tested and load–deflection curves and crack patterns at failure were recorded. The laminated glass specimens, of equal cross-section, were characterised by three different combinations of annealed float and fully thermally tempered glass plies and different interlayers. Steel joints constituted by double web angles to connect two glass beams were tested adopting several geometrical configurations and using stainless steel bolts preloade…
Influence of a thin horizontal weak layer on the mechanical behaviour of shallow foundations resting on sand
2021
The presence of minor details of the ground, including soil or rock masses, occurs more frequently than what is normally believed. Thin weak layers, shear bands, and slickensided surfaces can substantially affect the behaviour of foundations, as well as that of other geostructures. In fact, they can affect the failure mechanisms, the ultimate bearing capacity of footings, and the safety factor of the geotechnical system. In this research, numerically conducted through Finite Element Code Plaxis 2D, the influence of a horizontal thin weak layer on the mechanical behaviour of shallow footings was evaluated. The obtained results prove that the weak layer strongly influences both the failure me…
A layered basic intrusion, deformed and metamorphosed in granulite faciès of the Sri Lanka basement
1991
A layered basic intrusion has been found in the Central Granulite Belt of the Sri Lanka continental basement. It intruded parallel to bedding, before all or early during deformation of neighbouring metasediments. Deformation, affecting metasediments and the intrusion alike, includes flattening to c. 1/20 of the original thickness and NNW-stretching to c. 20 times the original length. The intrusion is now 170–300 m thick. Most of the deformation was acquired under granulite facies metamorphism. The intrusion was then folded, still at high T, by a large F4-synform with an axis parallel to str1 and a steep axial plane. A steep axial plane cleavage and minor folds are related to this big fold. …
Evaluation of the bending behaviour of laminated glass beams via electronic speckle pattern interferometry
2017
The paper is devoted to the experimental analysis of the kinematical and mechanical behaviour of laminated glass beam structures. In particular, the utilized laminated glass specimens are composed of two glass layers bonded by a polymer layer constituted by Ethylene-vinyl acetate whose thickness has been nominally considered as constant for all the specimens. The experimental behaviour of the analyzed specimens is deduced by applying Electronic Speckle- Pattern Interferometry technique; actually, among optical methods this technique (handled by phase-stepping technique) is very effective to obtain a full-field displacement map and to numerically achieve the longitudinal strain. In particula…
Biopolymeric bilayer films for packaging applications prepared by co-extrusion film blowing
2017
The requirements for reducing packaging waste drove academic efforts to search compostable bio-sourced polymeric materials. Multilayer systems can represent a suitable strategy to obtain the required properties and to improve biopolymer performance. Thus, the aim of the current work is the preparation by co-extrusion film blowing of a bio-based bilayer film with the purpose to overcome the drawbacks of the individual components.
Nested allosteric interactions in extracellular hemoglobin of the leech Macrobdella decora
2003
Hemoglobin from the leech Macrobdella decora belongs to the class of giant extracellular hexagonal bilayer globin structures found in annelid and vestimentiferan worms. These complexes consist of 144 heme-bearing subunits, exhibit a characteristic quaternary structure (2 × (6 × (3 × 4))), and contain tetramers as basic substructures that express cooperative oxygen binding and thus provide a structural basis for a hierarchy in allosteric interactions. A thorough analysis of the isolated tetramer indicates that it functions as a trimer of cooperatively interacting subunits and a non-cooperative monomer rather than as four interacting subunits. A thermodynamic analysis of the whole molecule fa…
Model calculations for wetting transitions in polymer mixtures
1985
Partially compatible binary mixtures of linear flexible polymers are considered in the presence of a wall which preferentially adsorbs one component. Using a Flory-Huggins type mean field approach, it is shown that in typical cases at two-phase coexistence the wall is always « wet », i.e. coated with a macroscopically thick layer of the preferred phase, and the transition to the non wet state occurs at volume fractions of the order of 1/~N (where N is the chain length) at the coexistence curve. Both first and second order wetting transitions are found, and the variation of the surface layer thickness, surface excess energy and related quantities through the transition is studied. We discuss…