Search results for "lcsh:Physics"
showing 10 items of 778 documents
Detection of reactive nitrogen containing particles in the tropopause region? Evidence for a tropical nitric acid trihydrage (NAT) belt
2008
The detection of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT, HNO<sub>3</sub>&times;3H<sub>2</sub>O) particles in the tropical transition layer (TTL) harmonizes our understanding of polar stratospheric cloud formation. Large reactive nitrogen (NO<sub>y</sub>) containing particles were observed on 8 August 2006 by instruments onboard the high altitude research aircraft M55-Geophysica near and below the tropical tropopause. The particles, most likely NAT, have diameters less than 6 &mu;m and concentrations below 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>&minus;3</sup>. The NAT particle layer was repeatedly detected at altitudes between 15.1 and 17.5 km ove…
Comparing parameterized versus measured microphysical properties of tropical convective cloud bases during the ACRIDICON–CHUVA campaign
2017
The objective of this study is to validate parameterizations that were recently developed for satellite retrievals of cloud condensation nuclei supersaturation spectra, NCCN(S), at cloud base alongside more traditional parameterizations connecting NCCN(S) with cloud base updrafts and drop concentrations. This was based on the HALO aircraft measurements during the ACRIDICON–CHUVA campaign over the Amazon region, which took place in September 2014. The properties of convective clouds were measured with a cloud combination probe (CCP), a cloud and aerosol spectrometer (CAS-DPOL), and a CCN counter onboard the HALO aircraft. An intercomparison of the cloud drop size distributions (DSDs) and the…
Uncertainties in future climate predictions due to convection parameterisations
2013
Abstract. In the last decades several convection parameterisations have been developed to consider the impact of small-scale unresolved processes in Earth System Models associated with convective clouds. Global model simulations, which have been performed under current climate conditions with different convection schemes, significantly differ among each other in the simulated transport of trace gases and precipitation patterns due to the parameterisation assumptions and formulations, e.g. the computation of convective rainfall rates, calculation of entrainment and detrainment rates etc. Here we address sensitivity studies comparing four different convection schemes under alternative climate…
Relaxion Stars and their detection via Atomic Physics
2019
The cosmological relaxion can address the hierarchy problem, while its coherent oscillations can constitute dark matter in the present universe. We consider the possibility that the relaxion forms gravitationally bound objects that we denote as relaxion stars. The density of these stars would be higher than that of the local dark matter density, resulting in enhanced signals in table-top detectors, among others. Furthermore, we raise the possibility that these objects may be trapped by an external gravitational potential, such as that of the Earth or the Sun. This leads to formation of relaxion halos of even greater density. We discuss several interesting implications of relaxion halos, as …
Polarizability of the neutron
1990
Abstract A first measurement of quasi-free Compton scattering by the neutron bound in the deuteron has yielded a value for the polarizability of the neutron of αn=(11.7 −11.7+4.3)×10 −4fm 3. This means that a finite value for the polarizability has been obtained, though the result is still consistent with zero. The π0 decay constant Fπ 0γγ and the pion nucleon coupling constant gNNπ have opposite signs.
Mesonic enhancement of the weak axial charge and its effect on the half-lives and spectral shapes of first-forbidden J+↔J− decays
2018
The effects of the enhancement of the axial-charge matrix element γ5 were studied in medium heavy and heavy nuclei for first-forbidden J+↔J− decay transitions using the nuclear shell model. Noticeable dependence on the enhancement ϵMEC of the axial-charge matrix element, as well as on the value of the axial-vector coupling constant gA was found in the spectral shapes of $^{93}$Y, $^{95}$Sr, and $^{97}$Y. The importance of the spectrum of $^{138}$Cs in the determination of gA is discussed. Half-life analyses in the A≈95 and A≈135 regions were done, and consistent results gA≈0.90, 0.75, and 0.65, corresponding to the three enhancement scenarios ϵMEC=1.4, 1.7, and 2.0, were obtained. Connectio…
Gamma(Z --> bb): A signature of hard mass terms for a heavy top
1988
Abstract We calculate analytically the weak radiative corrections to the weak neutral current gauge boson-bottom fermion vertex, keeping the mass mt of the internal fermion line for the relevant diagrams. We find, to order α, a hard mass-term dependence m t 2 M W 2 of the amplitude, for large mt values. Its origin comes from the unphysical charged Higgs coupling to fermions in the renormalizable gauge or, equivalently, from the longitudinal charged gauge boson couplings. The diagonal Z0 decay width to b-quarks decreases, due to these weak radiative corrections, by 0.6%–2.5% when the top mass mt varies from 45 to 200 GeV.
Production of a tensor glueball in the reaction γγ → G2π0 at large momentum transfer
2018
Abstract We study the production of a tensor glueball in the reaction γ γ → G 2 π 0 . We compute the cross section at higher momentum transfer using the collinear factorisation approach. We find that for a value of the tensor gluon coupling of f g T ∼ 100 MeV, the cross section can be measured in the near future by the Belle II experiment.
Subvisible cirrus clouds - a dynamical system approach
2018
Ice clouds, so-called cirrus clouds, occur very frequently in the tropopause region. A special class are subvisible cirrus clouds with an optical depth lower than 0.03, associated with very low ice crystal number concentrations. The dominant pathway for the formation of these clouds is not known well. It is often assumed that heterogeneous nucleation on solid aerosol particles is the preferred mechanism although homogeneous freezing of aqueous solution droplets might be possible, since these clouds occur in the low-temperature regime T < 235 K. For investigating subvisible cirrus clouds as formed by homogeneous freezing we develop a reduced cloud model from first principles, which is close …
Three-dimensional solvation structure of ethanol on carbonate minerals
2020
Calcite and magnesite are important mineral constituents of the earth’s crust. In aqueous environments, these carbonates typically expose their most stable cleavage plane, the (10.4) surface. It is known that these surfaces interact with a large variety of organic molecules, which can result in surface restructuring. This process is decisive for the formation of biominerals. With the development of 3D atomic force microscopy (AFM) it is now possible to image solid–liquid interfaces with unprecedented molecular resolution. However, the majority of 3D AFM studies have been focused on the arrangement of water at carbonate surfaces. Here, we present an analysis of the assembly of ethanol – an o…