Search results for "lcsh:Psychology"

Further evidence that the effects of repetition on subjective time depend on repetition probability

2017

Repeated stimuli typically have shorter apparent duration than novel stimuli. Most explanations for this effect have attributed it to the repeated stimuli being more expected or predictable than the novel items, but an emerging body of work suggests that repetition and expectation exert distinct effects on time perception. The present experiment replicated a recent study in which the probability of repetition was varied between blocks of trials. As in the previous work, the repetition effect was smaller when repeats were common (and therefore more expected) than when they were rare. These results add to growing evidence that, contrary to traditional accounts, expectation increases apparent …

The Role of Self-Control and the Presence of Enactment Models on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption: A Pilot Study

2019

The objective of the present research was to investigate associations of dispositional and momentary self-control and the presence of other individuals consuming SSBs with the consumption frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in a multi-country pilot study. We conducted an Ambulatory Assessment in which 75 university students (52 females) from four study sites carried smartphones and received prompts six times a day in their everyday environments to capture information regarding momentary self-control and the presence of other individuals consuming SSBs. Multilevel models revealed a statistically significant negative association between dispositional self-control and SSB consumption…

MEMORIA DE TRABAJO EN NIÑOS DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL CON Y SIN BAJO RENDIMIENTO MATEMÁTICO

2014

Abstract:This study aims to explore working memory in preschool children with and without low mathematical performance. The sample consisted of 255 children aged 5-6 years, to whom were administered neuropsychological tests of working memory and TEDI-MATH to estimate the mathematical performance. The results highlight the capacity of verbal working memory to significantly differentiate groups of children with and without problems in 8 of the 9 analyzed mathematical domains. This factor together with visuospatial working memory differentiate the group of children at risk for mathematical learning disabilities.Keywords: working memory, preschool, math performance, mathematics learning disabil…

Commentary: Long-term Practice with Domain-Specific Task Constraints Influences Perceptual Skills.

2018

Detección temprana de la dislexia mediante el reconocimiento de voces

2015

Un aspecto clave para la intervención educativa específica es la detección temprana de niños con riesgo de dislexia. En este trabajo presentamos una sencilla tarea conductual de asociación de voces (modalidad auditiva) con avatares (modalidad visual), en la que las personas con dislexia muestran un rendimiento más bajo que las personas normo-lectoras. Dicho patrón de datos ocurre no solamente con lectores adultos, sino también con niños. Por tanto, esta tarea de integración multisensorial puede ser empleada como un marcador de la dislexia, en conjunto con otras tareas (v.g., conocimiento fonológico).

The energy and identification continua of burnout and work engagement : Developmental profiles over eight years

2017

Abstract Understanding of the mutual developmental dynamics between burnout and work engagement is limited due to the lack of longitudinal studies with long follow-ups and multi-wave data. This study sought to identify subgroups of employees characterized by long-term exhaustion-vigor (energy continuum) and cynicism-dedication (identification continuum). A further important aim was to investigate differences between the identified subgroups in their experiences of progress in their personal work goals. Five-wave, eight-year follow-up data among Finnish white-collar professionals ( n  = 168) were studied using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). The analysis yielded three exhaustion-vigor subgrou…

Autoeficacia en la prevención sexual del Sida: la influencia del género

2013

Title: Self-efficacy in AIDS sexual prevention: influence of gender. Abstract: The scientific literature suggests that a low self-efficacy for con- dom use may be related to many risky behaviors for HIV transmission in young people. We analyze the self-efficacy of condom use among youth, the existence of gender differences and the relationship with other relevant variables in HIV prevention. The "Self-Efficacy Condom Use Subscale", included in the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire (Ballester, Gil and Gimenez, 2007), was administrated to 3540 university students (50.9% women, 49.1% men). The results showed that the sample obtained medi- um-high scores on self-efficacy, showing the lowest scores …

The embodied self, the pattern theory of self, and the predictive mind

2018

Do we have to presuppose a self to account for human self-consciousness? If so, how should we characterize the self? These questions are discussed in the context of two alternatives, i.e., the no-self position held by \(\textit {Metzinger (2003, 2009)}\) and the claim that the only self we have to presuppose is a narrative self \(\textit {(Dennett, 1992; Schechtman, 2007; Hardcastle, 2008)}\) which is primarily an abstract entity. In contrast to these theories, I argue that we have to presuppose an embodied self, although this is not a metaphysical substance, nor an entity for which stable necessary and jointly sufficient conditions can be given. Self-consciousness results from an integrati…

Effects of assisted training with neurofeedback on EEG measures, executive function and mood in a healthy sample

2015

The training in neurofeedback (NF) consists of teaching individuals to modify, adjust and enhance their brain activity pattern. The aim of our research was to evaluate the effect of training on cognitive processes, specifically executive function, and mood in a non-clinical sample. A sample of 30 female college students were assigned to three groups: RH: right hemisphere (n = 10), LH: left hemisphere (n = 10) and control (n = 10). The dominance pattern of beta and the inhibition of the theta pattern were trained in a single session. Measures of executive function (Iowa Gambling Test) and questionnaires of mood were taken pre and post training. We found that NF training produced significant …

Uma Sistematização dos Estudos Nacionais em Psicologia Ambiental

2019

A Psicologia Ambiental (PA) é uma disciplina que se propõe a estudar a inter-relação entre pessoa-ambiente, a partir da perspectiva de que ambos estão inseridos em um sistema de mútua influência. Ressalta-se que esta pesquisa sucedeu no Laboratório de Psicologia Ambiental (LAPAM/UFSC). Com o objetivo de refletir acerca dos fundamentos epistemológicos dos estudos pessoa-ambiente, este estudo realizou uma análise da produção científica de artigos relacionados com o tema, disponíveis nas bases de dados Scielo, Pepsic, Indexpsi, BVS, LILACS. Utilizou-se os descritores pessoa, ambiente e psicologia ambiental, selecionados segundo os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). A partir da amostra na…